Fashion Industry and Anorexia ... free essay sample

Fashion Industry and Anorexia Michael BrooksDTCCJuly 15, 2018 Abstract Many people falsely believe that anorexia arises by choice. However, recent studies suggest otherwise, and the reason may not be what you think. New research may provide sound evidence that the fashion industry and various media sources play a major role. How authentic are these studies? What are the reasons behind these ideas? This essay will answer these questions, dive into the validity of such claims, and will leave you wondering if this dark secret is truly accurate. Fashion Industry and Anorexia It is obvious that the media is everywhere. Media ranges from television, the internet, and magazines. It provides such a huge part of our lives, not including the standard in society. In fact, studies show that over eighty percent of people watch television each day, being an average of three hours (Lyons, 2017, para 16). Many shows and commercials feature women that are very thin and like sex objects with unrealistic body types (Lyons, 2017, para 16). In fact, models in magazines and beauty advertisements are littered with so much photoshop they dont realize it is so unrealistic. The National Eating Disorders Association, has revealed that twenty percent of advertisements that are featured on television have a meaning behind them showing that being gaunt is more attractive than a regular weight. The average teenage in the United States has seen at least five thousand of these commercials every year (Lyons, 2017, para 16). It should come as no surprise that correlation exists between destructive eating behaviors and negative self-esteem. This new generation is being sucked into a fake reality which often leads to an assumption that young girls need to become excessively skinny to be attractive. Anorexia Among Celebrities What might the reason be behind models and actresses being so thin?Well, it is shocking that the limit for becoming one is having a BMI of 16 which is considered dangerous by doctors and even leads to health problems and vitamin deficiencies (Gayle, 2017, para 4). In fact, Damien Gayle quotes that according to the World Health Organization, there are guidelines that someone with a BMI of 18.5 or under is considered underweight, 18 is malnourished, and 17 is severely malnourished (Gayle, 2017, para 4). Why is Hollywood and pop culture so obsessed with the idea of a perfect body and look? For many who want to have a career in these industries, eating disorders and starvation may be the only way to land a successful career (Lyons, 2017, para 10). In fact, research has shown that roughly sixty percent of models needed to become thinner and fifty percent were threatened to shred pounds or they would be terminated (Lyons, 2017, para 16). Anorexia and Bulimia in models are so abundant that a lot of celebrities are spreading awareness and publicly sharing their ideas (Lyons, 2017, para 10).Magazines and Advertisements It should be very obvious and noticeable that models and movie characters are becoming slenderer, while such a massive number of A merican females have become considerably heavier. Television is not the only way to be exposed to this material. Alarmingly, studies propose that eighty-three percent of young ladies read fashion magazines for roughly four hours each week (Spettigue. as cited in Levine and Smolak, 1996, para 6). What is more surprising is the number of weight loss ads that are more prevalent in womens magazines. In fact, Spettigue mentions that ladys magazines contained ten times the number of diet products than mens magazines (Spettigue, as cited in Anderson and Defomencio, 2004, para 3). Another shocking study that Spettigue mentioned was one that was published by Kilbourne in 1994. This study revealed that the main wish of young women aged eleven to seventeen was to get thinner and keep it off (Kilbourne, 1994, para 6). In addition, Kilbourne did another study proving the significant impact on the importance of weight loss in young women. Unfortunately, the study showed that young aged ladies who were asked what they might most want to change about their lives, and a great part of them said their weight (Kilbourne, 1994 para 6). Expert Input Without a doubt, the new body size standard is dwindling. On the contrary, many American women are getting larger. The media may deny claims about supporting anorexia. However, experts on eating disorders such as Kelly Brownell firmly disagree (Jade, 2012, para 9). Kelly Brownell is also a doctor and she provides impressive input showing irony surrounding celebrities. Kelly Brownell argues that eating disorder such as Anorexia and Bulimia have more a higher chance of occurring due to the medias bad examples (Jade, 2012, para 9). A really fascinating fact she mentions is a phenomenon surrounding celebrities lately. Brownell argues that this phenomenon is what is commonly known as the Damaging Paradox (Jade, 2012, para 9). The Damaging Paradox is when media in current society promotes a low weight and perfect body. In an interesting way, they then advertise on their commercials nourishments high in fat and calories, while convincing consumers to buy these items (Jade, 2012, para 9). It should come as no surprise that actresses do not really eat these foods. In fact, consuming such calorie loaded foods would very unlikely in the corrupt world of Hollywood.Thinspiration Cites and Orthorexia In addition to Anorexia, another eating disorder is becoming extremely common which is also being fueled by the media. Orthorexia, a form of eating disorder, is becoming more widespread in the media and is caused by a conscious desire for obsessive healthy eating and a fear of becoming obese (Woolf, 2015, para 15). Orthorexia can lead to behaviors in individuals such as hating themselves, confidence issues, malnourishment, and loneliness (Woolf, 2015, para 13). Orthorexia is also becoming increasing abundant in websites known as thinspiration sites which encourage eating disorders and go to extreme measures (Woolf, 2015, para 2). These new websites that do not gain any profit or satisfaction. Thinspiration sites literally encourage people to starve themselves by teaching them to suppress their appetite, chew on ice, and brush their teeth often to lose flavor of foods (Woolf, 2015, para 2) . In addition, they even suggest posting photos online of your thin body parts, and even try to give people tips on hiding these behaviors from your parents. It is depressing that these websites want you to purge a nd binge in private, which is when someone eats large amounts as once and then vomits everything back up (Woolf, 2015, para 2) . In as little as a couple years, hospitalizations from Anorexia and Orthorexia have skyrocketed. According to the NHS, The number of teenagers being admitted to hospital with eating disorders has nearly doubled in just three years, and there is no doubt that social media is to blame (Woolf, 2015, para 3). Possible Limitations and Treatments Although there are attempts to set limits, the outcomes are usually unsuccessful. One idea setting a minimum BMI threshold for professional models (Rodgers, as cited in Record ; Austin, 2015, p.1). Also, another possible method for allowing models to become curvier is by providing them meals and healthier working conditions. (Rodgers, 2017, para 33). However, this is easier said than done. In the United States, fashion models are generally considered to be independent contractors, not employees, which contributes to poor health and safety protections (Rodgers, 2017, para 33). There are ways, however, to cope independently. Doctors and researchers give advice on how to combat Anorexia at home. Although many people with Anorexia fail, they should never give up hope at least attempt some of these strategies. According to The Student Nutrition Action Committee at UCLA, they suggest the following as ways to counteract the negative media influence on body image listed below: Spending money on products that improve your confidence and self-esteem. For example, things that are productive for you and that make you feel good such as weights, beautiful clothing, and nice haircuts that make you feel good. Doing this instead of spending money on fad diet products such as pills and shake increases your confidence and boosts mood. Stay off the scale and enjoy your weight, instead of worrying about a perfect body. Move your body by engaging in physical activity, without the goal of losing weight, but in a way that allows you to be in control of your body. Do activities that bring feelings of joy and relaxation by meditation or listening to peaceful music (The Student Nutrition Action Committee at UCLA, as sited in Media Influence on Body Image, 2018, para 4).Startling Statistics A surprising number of people are Anorexic. A common misconception about Anorexia is that it only affects adolescent women. Although this may be true to some extent, it has become increasingly common among older age women and young males. To give you an idea, the number globally is in the millions. Surprisingly, approximately thirty million Americans and eighty million people globally are diagnosed with anorexia alone (Eating Disorder Statistics, 2018, p.1). However, the mortality rate seems more horrifying. Unfortunately, twenty percent of people with anorexia will not survive, and one person will die each hour (Eating Disorder Statistics, 2018, p.1). To make matters worse, suicide may be the most common cause of death in Anorexia. Studies have proven that one in every ten people with Anorexia will die by taking their lives (Eating Disorder Statistics, 2018, p.1). Something obviously needs to be done. People must come to their senses that the media is brainwashing our youth. The people suffering from this disease need to fight back. We must realize that if television shows, websites and magazines do not change their ways, we need to. Conclusion Anorexia is a horrible disease and sufferers are growing up in a cruel and very judgmental world. Many people lack the proper guidance which results in Osteoporosis, malnourishment and weakness just because they believe it is the only way to please someone and feel comfortable. Although there may be methods to treat it, many people do not fully recover. I think that looking out for early warning signs and eliminating excessive exposure to television, Instagram and the internet may hopefully reduce the number of cases. Even though biological factor may play a role, it is obvious that there is significant correlation between fashion and the number of cases. Anorexia has become so abundant and more severe in the recent years that there is something else besides hereditary to blame for the soaring number of cases.

Definition and Discussion of General American English

Definition and Discussion of General American English General American English is a somewhat vague and outdated term for a  variety of spoken American English that seems to lack the distinctive characteristics of any particular region or ethnic group. Also called network English or newscaster accent. The term General American (GA, GAE, or GenAm) was coined by English professor George Philip Krapp in his book The English Language in America (1925). In the first edition of History of the English Language (1935), Albert C. Baugh adopted the term General American, calling it the dialect of the Middle States and the West. General American   is sometimes broadly characterized as speaking with a midwestern accent, but as William Kretzschmar observes (below), there has never been any single best or default form of American English that might form the basis for General American (A Handbook of Varieties of English, 2004). Examples and Observations The fact that I conjugate my verbs and speak in a typical Midwestern newscaster voicetheres no doubt that this helps ease communication between myself and white audiences. And theres no doubt that when Im with a black audience, I slip into a slightly different dialect.(U.S. President Barack Obama, quoted by Dinesh DSouza in Obamas America: Unmaking the American Dream. Simon Schuster, 2012)The term General American is sometimes used by those who expect for there to be a perfect and exemplary state of American English . . .. However, in this essay the term Standard American English (StAmE) is preferred; it designates the level of quality (here of pronunciation) that is employed by educated speakers in formal settings. StAmE pronunciation differs from region to region, even from person to person, because speakers from different circumstances in and different parts of the United States commonly employ regional and social features to some extent even in formal situations.(William A. Kret zschmar, Jr., Standard American English Pronunciation. A Handbook of Varieties of English, ed. by Bernd Kortmann and Edgar W. Schneider. Mouton de Gruyter, 2004) [T]he standard assumption for American English is that even educated speakers, from certain regions at least (most notably New England and the South), at times use regional pronunciation characteristics and thus speak with an accent; hence, despite the persistent belief in a homogenous General American accent or notions like network English there is in fact no single norm of pronunciation that corresponds to RP [received pronunciation] in England, being a non-regional class dialect.(Edgar W. Schneider, Introduction: Varieties of English in the Americas and the Caribbean. A Handbook of Varieties of English, ed. by Bernd Kortmann and Edgar W. Schneider. Mouton de Gruyter, 2004) Variants in Network English It is important to note that no single dialectregional or socialhas been singled out as an American standard. Even national media (radio, television, movies, CD-ROM, etc.), with professionally trained voices have speakers with regionally mixed features. However, Network English, in its most colourless form, can be described as a relatively homogenous dialect that reflects the ongoing development of progressive American dialects (Canadian English has several notable differences). This dialect itself contains some variant forms. The variants included within this targeted accent involve vowels before /r/, possible differences in words like cot and caught and some vowels before /l/. It is fully rhotic. These differences largely pass unnoticed by the audiences for Network English, and are also reflective of age differences.(Daniel Jones, English Pronouncing Dictionary, 17th ed. Cambridge University Press, 2006) ​​General American vs. the Eastern New England Accent A few examples of differences between some regional dialects and General American or Network English are in order here, though these are necessarily selective. In the characteristic speech of Eastern New England, for instance, rhotic /r/ is lost after vowels, as in far or hard, while it is retained in all positions in General American. A rounded vowel has been retained in Eastern New England in words like top and dot, whereas General American uses an unrounded vowel. Another Eastern New England characteristic is the use of /É‘/ in words like bath, grass, last, etc., where General American uses /a/. In these respects the New England accent shows some similarities with British RP.(Diane Davies, Varieties of Modern English: An Introduction. Routledge, 2013) Challenges to the Concept of General American The belief that American English consists of General American and the Eastern (Northern) and Southern dialect varieties was called into question by a group of American scholars in the 1930s. . . . In 1930 [Hans] Kurath was named the director of an ambitious project called The Linguistic Atlas of the United States and Canada. He patterned the project on a similar European undertaking that had been completed some years before the American project started: Atlas linguistique de la France, which ran between 1902 and 1910. Given the results of their work, Kurath and his co-workers challenged the belief that American English had the varieties Eastern, Southern, and General American. Instead, they suggested that American English is best viewed as having the following major dialect areas: Northern, Midland, and Southern. That is, they did away with the elusive notion of General American and replaced it with the dialect area that they called Midland.(Zoltn Kà ¶vecses, American English: An In troduction. Broadview, 2000) Many Midwesterners are under the illusion that they speak without an accent. They may even believe that they speak Standard American English. But most linguists understand that there is not a single, correct way to speak English. So, yes, even Midwesterners speak with an accent.(James W. Neuliep,  Intercultural Communication: A Contextual Approach, 6th ed. SAGE, 2015)It should be emphasized that everyone speaks with an accent; it is as impossible to speak without an accent as to speak without making sounds. When people deny they have an accent, this is a statement of social prejudice and not linguistics.(Howard Jackson and Peter Stockwell, An Introduction to the Nature and Functions of Language, 2nd ed. Bloomsbury Academic, 2011) Also see: Standard American EnglishAccent PrejudiceEthnic Dialect,  Idiolect,  Regional Dialect, and  Social DialectMarkednessPrestigePronunciationStandard English

The Definition of Form in Art

The Definition of Form in Art The term form can mean several different things in art. Form is one of the seven elements of art and connotes a three-dimensional object in space. A  formal analysis of a work of art describes how the elements and principles of artwork together independent of their meaning and the feelings or thoughts they may evoke in the viewer. Finally,  form is also used to describe the physical nature of the artwork, as in metal sculpture, an oil painting, etc.​ When used in tandem with the word art as in art form, it can also mean a medium of artistic expression recognized as fine art or an unconventional medium done so well, adroitly, or creatively as to elevate it to the level of fine art. An Element of Art Form is one of the seven elements of art  which are the visual tools that an artist uses to compose a work of art. In addition, to form, they include line, shape, value, color, texture, and space.  As an Element of Art, form connotes something that is three-dimensional and encloses volume, having length, width, and height, versus shape, which is two-dimensional, or flat. A form is a shape in three dimensions, and, like shapes, can be geometric or organic. Geometric forms are forms that are mathematical, precise, and can be named, as in the basic geometric forms: sphere, cube, pyramid, cone, and cylinder.  A circle becomes a sphere in three dimensions, a square becomes a cube, a triangle becomes a pyramid or cone. Geometric forms are most often found in architecture and the built environment, although you can also find them in the spheres of planets and bubbles, and in the crystalline pattern of snowflakes, for example. Organic forms are those that are free-flowing, curvy, sinewy, and are not symmetrical or easily measurable or named. They most often occur in nature, as in the shapes of flowers, branches, leaves, puddles, clouds, animals, the human figure, etc., but can also be found in the bold and fanciful buildings of the Spanish architect Antoni Gaudi (1852 to 1926) as well as in many sculptures. Form in Sculpture Form is most closely tied to sculpture, since it is a three-dimensional art and has traditionally consisted almost primarily of form, with color and texture being subordinate. Three-dimensional forms can be seen from more than one side. Traditionally forms could be viewed from all sides, called sculpture in-the-round, or in relief, those in which the sculpted elements remain attached to a solid background, including bas-relief, haut-relief, and sunken-relief. Historically sculptures were made in the likeness of someone, to honor a hero or god. The twentieth century broadened the meaning of sculpture, though, heralding the concept of open and closed forms, and the meaning continues to expand today. Sculptures are no longer only representational, static, stationery, forms with a solid opaque mass that has been carved out of stone or modeled out of bronze. Sculpture today may be abstract, assembled from different objects, kinetic, change with time, or made out of unconventional materials like light or holograms, as in the work of renowned artist James Turrell. Sculptures may be characterized in relative terms as closed or open forms. A closed-form has a similar feeling to the traditional form of a solid opaque mass. Even if spaces exist within the form, they are contained and confined. A closed-form has an inward-directed focus on the form, itself, isolated from ambient space. An open form is transparent, revealing its structure, and therefore has a more fluid and dynamic relationship with the ambient space.  Negative space is a major component and activating force of an open form sculpture. Pablo Picasso (1881 to 1973), Alexander Calder (1898 to 1976), and Julio Gonzalez (1876 to 1942) are some artists who created open form sculptures, made from wire and other materials. Henry Moore (1898 to 1986), the great English artist who, along with his contemporary, Barbara Hepworth (1903 to 1975), were the two most important British sculptors in modern art, both revolutionized sculpture by being the first to pierce the form of their biomorphic (biolife, morphicform) sculptures. She did so in 1931, and he did in 1932, noting that â€Å"even space can have form† and that â€Å"a hole can have as much shape meaning as a solid mass.†Ã‚   Form in Drawing and Painting In drawing and painting, the illusion of three-dimensional form is conveyed through the use of lighting and shadows, and the rendering of value and tone. Shape is defined by the outer contour of an object, which is how we first perceive it and begin to make sense of it, but light, value, and shadow help to give an object form and context in space so that we can fully identify it. For example, assuming a single light source on a sphere, the highlight is where the light source hits directly; the mid-tone is the middle value on the sphere where the light does not hit directly; the core shadow is the area on the sphere that the light does not hit at all and is the darkest part of the sphere; the cast shadow is the area on surrounding surfaces that is blocked from the light by the object; reflected highlight is light that is reflected back up onto the object from the surrounding objects and surfaces. With these guidelines as to light and shading in mind, any simple shape can be drawn or painted to create the illusion of a three-dimensional form. The greater the contrast in value, the more pronounced the three-dimensional form becomes. Forms that are rendered with little variation in value appear flatter than those that are rendered with greater variation and contrast. Historically, painting has progressed from a flat representation of form and space to a three-dimensional representation of form and space, to abstraction. Egyptian painting was flat, with the human form presented frontally but with the head and feet in profile. The realistic illusion of form did not occur until the Renaissance along with the discovery of perspective. Baroque artists such as Caravaggio (1571 to 1610), explored the nature of space, light, and the three-dimensional experience of space further through the use of chiaroscuro, the strong contrast between light and dark. The portrayal of the human form became much more dynamic, with chiaroscuro and foreshortening giving the forms a sense of solidity and weight and creating a powerful sense of drama. Modernism freed artists to play with the form more abstractly. Artists such as Picasso, with the invention of Cubism, broke up the form to imply movement through space and time. Analyzing an Artwork When analyzing a work of art, a formal analysis is separate from that of its content or context. A formal analysis means applying the elements and principles of art to analyze the work visually. The formal analysis can reveal compositional decisions that help to reinforce content, the work’s essence, meaning, and the artist’s intent, as well as give clues as to historical context. For example, the feelings of mystery, awe, and transcendence that are evoked from some of the most enduring Renaissance masterpieces, such as the Mona Lisa (Leonardo da Vinci, 1517), The Creation of Adam (Michelangelo, 1512),  the Last Supper (Leonardo da Vinci, 1498) are distinct from the formal compositional elements and principles such as line, color, space, shape, contrast, emphasis, etc., the artist used to create the painting and that contribute to its meaning, effect, and timeless quality. Resources and Further Reading Form, Tate Museum, tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/f/formThe Art of Sculpture, Encyclopedia of Art, visual-arts-cork.com/sculpture.htmThe hole of life, Tate Museum, tate.org.uk/context-comment/articles/hole-of-lifeBarbara Hepworth vs Henry Moore, CultureWhisper, https://www.culturewhisper.com/r/article/preview/3670Works of Antoni Gaudi, http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/320Henry Moore Foundation, https://www.henry-moore.orgBarbara Hepworth, https://barbarahepworth.org.ukJames Turrell, http://jamesturrell.com Resources for Teachers The Elements of Art: Form, Grade Level: 3-4, National Gallery of Art, https://www.nga.gov/content/ngaweb/education/teachers/lessons-activities/elements-of-art/form.htmlShape and Form in Art: Instructional Program for Grades K-4, Teacher’s Guide, http://gettingtoknow.com/wp-content/uploads/shapeinartTG.pdf

IOM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

IOM - Essay Example her, this report will highlight some ways Redgate can attain best results by improving the culture of organization and methods of motivation of employees. Redgate Software has been selected for this analysis report because it is a highly advanced and state of the art technology company in the world it was founded in 1999 in England by Neil Davidson and Simon Galbraith. It is based (headquarters) in Cambridge, England and its motto is â€Å"ingeniously simple tools†. At the end of 2012, the number of employees of Red Gate Software was 290. Red Gate Software was named after Via Porta Rossa (Red Gate Street) situated in Florence (Italy). The name of this place was selected because Neil Davidson was used to live in that street. In 2010, Redgate Software acquired HyperBac from Quest Software. Simple Talk is a famous online technical journal of Redgate and it provides support to MS .NET and MS SQL Server developers. There are a lot of products of Redgate Software. The main objectives of this report are to shed light on the importance of motivation skills and culture of organization to get best results. Moreover, another objective of this report is to study the motivation style and culture of Redgate in detail. Then in the end of the report we would like to relate the theory with practice by combining the important of motivation skills and culture of an organization with the motivation skills and culture of Redgate. It is important to discuss the importance of motivation and culture for an organization before we discuss the problems related to motivation and culture in Redgate. In analysis part we will discuss motivation and culture in general and then we will discuss the motivation and culture related problems at Redgate. Motivation is a very important tool for a manager or supervisor. Motivation is necessary to get best results from employees. Motivation is a important to make sure the right way to address an issue is adopted. Motivation can be defined as a

Nursing research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Nursing - Research Paper Example The city of California made evaluations based on its public policies and formulated a strategic goal aimed at improving the economic condition of the city. The timeline for the strategy included the period between 2002 and 2007. The most evident goals of the city’s public policies included efforts of improving the overall services offered to the community, attracting more businesses to Irvine and improving revenue collection for the city. This is a case study analysis on the feasibility test study on the establishment of an electricity utility project in the city of Irvine. The case study involves the identification of the issue at relating to the distribution of electricity around Irvine, making assessment on the initial recommendations and finally making suggestions on alternative policies on the establishment of an electricity utility project in Irvine. Problem/Issue Statement The city of Irvine is searching for the best policy option that will ensure that residents access reliable and cost effective electricity utility (Forsyth, 2005). There are two available policies including private and public power. Private power involves the continuation of the provision of electricity by SCE that will include the expansion of electricity supply from the other areas of California to the ‘study areas.’ Under the policy, the project has no timeline but remains to be a continuation of the supply of electricity by SCE. The policy is based on the experience of SCE in supplying California City with electricity. Public power will involve establishing of a municipal electricity utility in a timeline of 20 years and will only concentrate on the ‘study areas’ only. There is need to adopt a policy that will ensure customers get reliable electricity utility at effective costs. The policy is based on the assumption that the city will collect a lot of revenue from the project. Stakeholders City of Irvine The city if Irvine plays a significant role in the formulation of public policies concerning the establishment of the municipal electricity utility project. The city of Irvine is in California and not all its parts have electricity. This has necessitated the municipality within the city to start a project that would ensure that businesses and residents have adequate supply of electricity at their disposal. The city of Irvine had various interests that applied across all the other stakeholders. However, not all the interests of the city applied to all the other stakeholders. As noted earlier all the stakeholders reached an agreement to establish the municipal electricity utility project. The city has developed strategic business goals that influence the interests of the city in the project. According to the public policy statement prepared by the city, the main interests of the city in the project include the provision of the highest services in the city in terms of costs. The city aims at providing electric utility at cost effe ctive rates. The cit also aims at increasing its revenue base because it is expecting to collect a lot of money in terms of electricity utility revenue. This will ensure that the city has a strong revenue base that will enable it to run its operations effectively and efficiently. The city has developed a public policy based on public power that will see the community owning majority of the electricity utilities. The concept of pursuing a public power policy is supported by the fact that the United States has a large number of electricity utilities owned by the community or the public. This city’s public policy notes that â€Å"There are over 2,000 community-owned or public electric utilities in the United States, including 39 in California, which provide 25% of electric requirements in the State. Fifty percent of these US utilities are comparable by number of customers and 83% by revenues to the City’s proposed utility† (Demirkan, 2011). The main reason for the city to pursue the public power poli

Speech The purposes of public speaking

Speech The purposes of public speaking Ralph Waldo Emerson once said, â€Å"Speech is power: speech is to persuade, to convert, to compel.† There are many purposes of public speaking. Among many other things, it is used to inform, convince, provide entertainment or honor. One of the best ways to create a positive and effective image is to master the art of public speaking. To achieve good results, the speaker has to capture, interest and convince the audience, in addition to building a unique trust with it. Nowadays, the art of presenting is needed in every part of life. Speech presentation is an integral part of all corporate settings, school and religious events. Since most people perceive public speaking as a necessary skill, successful speeches require extensive preparation to meet the high quality demand of the public. I work at Intel Corporation, and speeches are part of my every day business life. My day consists of multiple meetings that always require public speaking on variable topics, depending on current projects. The main purpose of my speeches is to educate and inform my coworkers and clients. To create a cohesive working environment, I have to make sure that I provide laconic communication about project outlines, features, progress, milestones and impediments. One of the most important preparatory steps in public speaking is audience analysis. Prior to presenting a range of services that my group provides, I must research my audience. From my experience, one of the best ways to find information about a company or department, which I will be presenting to, is to call them directly ahead of time to better understand their interests, ambitions, and business needs prior to writing my speech. Also, phone introduction prior to a meeting is often perceived as a good gesture. Including specific details and remarks about the clients and their company is always very helpful. To customers, this shows the speakers professionalism, genuine interest in them as potential partners, and investment in successful outcome. Also, it is very important to make sure that the level of detail is appropriate for the specific audience. I constantly interact with many people that hold different company positions, ranging from technical staff to vice presidents. Therefore, I have to carefully select an appropriate information set based on my audience. For example, technical information and low-level details are not suitable for program management, and marketing information should never be presented to technical staff. Additionally, speaking to new customers can have its restraints, such as making sure to avoid project-related technical jargon and cumbersome details. Initially, I was struggling with using appropriate vocabulary, based on my listeners level of knowledge. From my experience, I found that when there was a discrepancy between the terminology I used and my customers level of understanding, I could easily lose the customers attention and potentially put a business deal in jeopardy. For a successful public speaker, ability to predict future audiences mood, understand its ambitions and tensions is very important. It is a common business practice to schedule overview meetings at the end or in the middle of a project. For the most part, these types of meetings are scheduled after the projects completion date, and their main purpose is to illuminate positive and negative sides that were discovered in the process. Unfortunately, not every project is flawless. Occasionally, I have to give a speech in which I have to admit process flaws, take responsibility for my teams actions, and present a process change that will allow my team to avoid future issues. For these types of speeches, it is crucial to research and determine the level of information the audience possesses regarding this issue, understand how much they were affected by it, and predict how they might react to it. Admitting and addressing a problem generally has a positive effect on the audience. Moreover, a ll issues should be presented as potential positives. This emphasizes the speakers willingness to learn from past mistakes. After audience analysis, to reach maximum effect and predetermined goals, the speaker has to work on gathering data and creating an outline of the speech. Depending on the type of speech and presentation, the methods of collecting data are different. In Information Technology industry, finding necessary information is easy, as Information Technology strives on centralizing data collection and providing complex tools for running highly customizable reports. In the modern world, many companies are transferring their documentation and records into electronic formats. Some companies store information in a secure environment, while others post it on the Internet for public availability and use. The World Wide Web is a great tool for research. Today, everything from published books and scientific journals, to booklets and essays are easily accessible. The sources used for speech preparation have to be reliable and available if any audience member chooses to verify them. Prior to writing any speech, supporting material should be categorized so that it could be easily inserted into the body of the speech. Even though not every piece of the information is used in the speech, it is a good practice to keep the extra information handy, as it could be used to answer any questions that arise at the end of the presentation. Creating an outline is also an integral preparatory step in writing a successful speech. Depending on time availability, the outline can be either very detailed, or extremely brief. Regardless of the level of detail, the outline should serve as a scaffold and guideline for the rest of the speech. Understanding the purpose of the speech and how it can be used to benefit the speaker is very important, as every piece of information can be fit to serve the main purpose. The rest of the information can be easily added if the outline is built around and emphasizes the speakers thesis. Speech structure is essential and should reflect the speakers understanding of systematic use of an effective opener, authoritative speech body, and focused and concise conclusion. Organization of the speech should take into account that, usually, the audience is more open and attentive at the beginning of the speech. Therefore, the speaker has to effectively open the speech and establish a connection with the audience within the first few sentences. If an opening is interesting and captures listeners attention, they will be more perceptive to speakers ideas and will pay closer attention to the rest of the speech. On the contrary, if the first few sentences are not well thought-out, there is a huge risk that the audience will not care for the rest of the speech. The body of the speech usually consists of the detailed information that the speaker is trying to provide for the audience. This is the most informative and the largest part of the speech. Every effective public speaker knows how to capture the audience and keep its interest throughout the entire speech, regardless of its length. Because audiences attention span is not infinite every presentation should be limited to the most salient features the speaker is trying to convey. In the closing stages of every speech, the presenter has to effectively and clearly summarize the whole speech in a few sentences, with specific emphasis on the most significant details. I found that my most successful speeches were the ones that I concluded immediately following the most important and interesting part. Therefore, every time I present, I try to end the speech once I feel that the audiences interest has peaked. Not only the content of the speech is extremely important, but also the way it is presented. Creating stereotypes is a part of the human nature. Audiences impression of the speaker is directly dependent on his or her ability to articulate, project and animate when presenting. Based on the tempo, dynamics, and tone of someones voice, the audience can easily open up to the presenters message or completely reject and ignore it. A speech presentation that is too fast and jumpy might come across as being unrehearsed and irrelevant. Also, monotonous voice may decrease the audiences interest and prevent the message from being effectively conveyed. Clear articulation is essential in every public speaking setting. Depending on the speech context and timing, articulation and tone dynamics have to be modified. For example, if a speech is being presented at the end of a long conference, the speaker must take into account the audiences attention span and decreased receptiveness. Therefore, the presenter has to be even more articulate and dynamic in his or her presentation. Moreover, the speakers tone and dynamics have to reflect his or her passion and enthusiasm for a given subject to have a successful presentation. Other than verbal, there are many ways through which the speaker can communicate with the audience. Every speech has to be reinforced by nonverbal variables. Gesticulation, body language, and mimics are very important public speech elements. University of San Francisco in Organizational Communication OB321 course outlines eight ways through which information can be shared with the audience. They include ambulation, touch, eye caontact, posture, tics, sub vocals, distancing, gesturing, and vocalism. All of these elements help the speaker succeed, since they are sending subconscious messages reinforcing and emphasizing key points to the audience. Regarding gesturing, Laurie Schloff writes, â€Å"The best thing hands can do is to convey naturally, without much orchestration, the conviction and enthusiasm of your message. To discover exactly what your hands should be doing in front of an audience, take a look at how you use them when you think no one is watching in one-to-one conversation, at dinner, or on the telephone.†(20) Every speaker has to be aware of body language at all points of the presentation. Gesturing can reveal nervousness, anxiety, stage fright, deception, and lying. However, if used correctly, it can convey the speakers enthusiasm, preparedness, honesty, and topic knowledge. Just like sharing appropriate information, the speaker has to take into consideration appropriate wardrobe selection. For example, for a formal dinner speech, casual jeans would not be appropriate. On the contrary, an every-day meeting does not require a tuxedo and bow tie. In addition to the speakers verbal and non-verbal variables, use of visual supplements enhances the quality of every speech. Depending on the kind of presentation, different visual modalities, such as charts, graphs, videos, handouts, and sample items, may be used. If the presentation room is equipped with a computer and a projector, the speaker may easily use software, such as PowerPoint to display presentation slides, or show a video. However, if the technology is not available, the speaker must find other ways to present supplemental visual information. Handouts, booklets, and sample items would be good choices in such situations. Regardless of available resources, visual supplements allow the speaker to present information that could be otherwise difficult to put into words. Therefore, graphs, charts, and other techniques should be employed as often as possible, without overwhelming the audience. Successful speech presentation should incorporate all of the preparatory, structural, verbal, and non-verbal elements. Mark Twain said, â€Å"It usually takes more than three weeks to prepare a good impromptu speech.† This quotation reflects the importance of proper speech preparation. Often the more time one spends preparing for a speech, the more flawless and natural it seems to the audience. Works Cited Emerson, Ralph Waldo. ThinkExist Web. 19 Mar. 2010 Schloff, Laurie, Speaking For Success:Best Practices In Presenting.The Speech improvement Company, 2007. Print. Twain, Mark Verbal and Nonverbal Communication. Organizational Communication OB 321. Supplemental Materials. University of San Francisco, Web. 19 Mar. 2010

7 Proven Pieces of Entrepreneurship Advice for Students

7 Proven Pieces of Entrepreneurship Advice For Students and Interns Right now there are millions of college students sitting in a college class or a dorm room. They are not even realizing that the cost of the school they are at is going to eat away at their budget for years to come. As the student debt and tuition continue to mount, students also have a great deal of benefits that many others didn’t, and therefore these Millennials may be the world’s next biggest entrepreneurs. That’s where the following 7 pieces of entrepreneurship advice come into play. In a world where money makes the world go round, the reason why they are ripe for jumping into these grounds is that they end up working for or interning at tech companies. Many are interested in high tech jobs, but even larger numbers want to do something on their own, and be independent. Not everyone in college today wants that 9 to 5 job after they graduate. These millennials have some incredible ideas, that only get bigger as they go through their college life and gain experience thru internships. There is a lot of advice out there for the Millennials, but honestly, only a few things resonate with some proving grounds. Here are the 7 proven elements that students may want to learn right now which would help them with their entrepreneurship career.Meet New People and Network School is a proving ground where you can meet other people. Don’t let yourself stay in one place and not meet others. Network, talk to others, befriend people and get a mentor. You may find that the people you meet in college are going to stay with you for years, and could help you succeed down the line. The more you can communicate and stay in touch, the better your chances are for getting success after you graduate, as the real world is full of people that â€Å"know someone†, etc.The Opportunity Or The DegreeTake a note from big time basketball players, jump at the chances of a lifetime, don’t stay in school. This may not make your parents happy, but it’s something that you have to think about in the long term. Yes, you could fail in the big leagues, but what if you don’t? You can use your financial status to go back to school and get that degree later. You have an option to get a degree in your lifetime, but you don’t always have a chance at the majors, in tech, or in sports. If you get a once in a lifetime opportunity, take it, don’t sit in school. Degrees don’t mean success, they only prove to an employer that you can learn a particular subject and therefore, it helps, but you can get them when the time is right. Just remember that as entrepreneurship Advice.Eat With Others When You Can Building relationships is tough when you are not around people. Just like the tip above, take time to sit with others including your supervisor and talk to people. If you see someone sitting alone, go talk to them. Ask to sit with them, and just spark a conversation. This is going to be uncomfortable at first glance, but if you keep doing this, you’ll eventually talk to more and more people and you’ll build relationships and network far easier over time just like big companies.Don’t Fear FailureYou’re going to need to take a few risks in your life. That includes college etc. You don’t necessarily need to skip school and risk your life, but there are times when a questionable option could lead you down some great experiences. You may find that if you push the limits a little, you may very well see a great option moving forward for your career path.Look Around and Explore Your AreaDo not stay in one place. Travel as much as you can. If you don’t have a lot of money, that’s ok, travel around your campus, see every part of it, explore and keep going forward. Do not let yourself be isolated and stuck in one area. Learn to walk, learn to talk, and start to explore every nook and cranny of the buildings and offices that are around you. Your actions and attitude including nonverbal communication can have a great influence over your social environment, so be mindful. Also, be aware of your learning style, you will find that this can help you with dating, and networking alike. You will also find niches and hidden areas that you would otherwise not see.Ask Many QuestionsThe biggest thing that entrepreneurs do that others don’t is that they ask questions. You need to ask questions all the time. Whether you’re in class, or you’re in a meeting, if there is an option to ask questions ask them. Even if you know the answer, ask. This helps in two ways. The first is simple, you are going to be remembered. When your professor and those lecturing know your name, they are going to show you favor and will help you out more often than not. The second thing is that you’re going to be able to get clarification and even explore new avenues that others won’t. The more questions you ask, the better you are going to do in school, and in life. Ask questions that others don’t, and you’re going to find that you’ll get valuable answers, every single time.Become The Most Valuable Person (MVP)Whether you’re in an office setting, working with a team, or just trying to get through another class, become helpful. To become an entrepreneur means is to become a servant and understand how to cope with cultural challenges, for example understand British vs. US culture, if you are an international student. As an Entrepreneurship advice, look for ways to help your teacher, students, and even your school. The more you can help, the more you are going to be thought about, and that could lead to offers that others don’t get. Some individuals, for instance, may get called back from an internship to work full time. Others may get work study programs, or offered premium housing because they are helping with certain events, cleaning, and so much more. Your goal is to always be a valuable asset to anyone that is around you, so start in college and you’ll garner a great deal of attention down the line. As you can see, there are 7 major things that you can do as an intern or a student. These will help you gain the upper hand in whatever it is you want to pursue, and will help you succeed in life. Just don’t be stagnant, that’s the worst thing you can end up being whether you’re a student or chasing a career. Are you an entrepreneur at heart and need some inspiration, go ahead and read our site story? If you are worried that you need to survive the University, head over to our site and let our expert writers help you write a top class essay, on time and to the highest possible quality.