The International Bill That Threatens Online Privacy Essay -- U.S. Law

Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) and Protect Intellectual Property Act (PIPA) were big measuring rods recently in the EU and America that caught the attention of close every internet user. It was hard to not notice these two bills. These legislations would have pushed copyright infringement on many sites and much of the internet as it is know would have been shut down. On January 18, big sites such as Wikipedia, and Google blacked out their site for a day. This sent a loud and clear message to the creators of this bill and they put it on indefinite hold. While this was happening another bill decided to raise its ugly head. It had been lurking in the shadows of the other two bills and would prove to be a much more immense monster to face. Much like SOPA and PIPA, the Anti Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA), would restrict users of the internet exponentially, and there would be a large amount of unnecessary prosecution because of it. ACTA is an international bill that has some great potential, but lacks proper structure, therefore most of the internet, as it is known, will be shutdown or deemed illegal in many of the established countries around the world. The Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (also known as ACTA), is an international bill that was kept privy(p) since its creation in 2008. It eventually leaked onto the internet and caused an isolated outrage but not a very large one. Many internet users continued on with their daily lives unbeknownst to them that there was even such a thing as ACTA. While ACTA was being secretly conducted, two new bills, specific to the get together States, called the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) and Protect Intellectual Property Act (PIPA) caught the nations attention. There were rallies as much in flesh as... ...ice of the joined States trade representative. United States Trade Representative, n.d. Web. 15 Mar 2012. Anti-Illicit Trade Conference to Discuss Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement. Africa News Service 30 Sept . 2010. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 15 Mar. 2012.Clabough, Raven. Obama Tries to Bypass Congress with Deadly Global Internet Treaty ACTA . The New American. N.p., Friday, 27 January 2012 1600 . Web. 15 Mar 2012.EFF, . Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement. electronic frontier foundation. Electronic Frontier Foundation, 2012. Web. 15 Mar 2012. Europes Internet revolt protesters see threats in antipiracy treaty. Christian Science Monitor 11 Feb. 2012. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 15 Mar. 2012.Kain, E. D.. If you musical theme SOPA was bad, just wait until you meet ACTA. Forbes. N.p., 2012. Web. 15 Mar 2012.

Analyzing Search Engines :: essays research papers

<div style="sub-title">1. Formulate five criteria for the evaluation of attend enginesTo effectively evaluate three different hunting engines from the perspective of an advanced web user, the following criteria were established1. Relevance and accuracy of search results2. Search speed3. Advanced search options4. Other services5. grade design and layoutMore information about these criteria and how they were used is available below.2. Test three search engines against your criteriaFor this evaluation, the following three search engines were block outed1. AltaVista - http//www.altavista.com/2. Google - http//www.google.com/ 3. DirectHit - http//www.directhit.com/<div style="sub-title">3. exempt your methodologyThe criteria outlined in Part 1 were reached by considering the things that would be important to an advanced user. Of course, factors like Relevance and Speed are critical to much(prenominal) a user (particularly in a work environment). The search o ptions criteria is particularly important to advanced users who are after a specific page and do not want to waste time wading through results from a standard search. The other criteria are important to most users and mean that the search engines are more useable and useful.The search results from the three test search engines (Part 2) were evaluate according the criteria, explained it more detail below.Criteria 1 - Relevance and Accuracy of ResultsThis criterion was to evaluate the usefulness of a particular search engine according to the accuracy of its results. I defined the relevance, according to personal standards, after browsing the pages in the results, for three separate search terms. The Relevance Percentage is calculated by counting the number of relevant pages that appear in the first 20 search hits and then multiplying by 20 (for a percentage).Criteria 2 - Search SpeedThis criterion was to evaluate which of the test search engines returns results quicker. However, it i s important to note that the speed test is both a test of the Internet connection to the remote machine, as well as the time taken by the search engine to perform the search. Furthermore, tests of Internet speeds are actually variable based on time of day, other internet traffic etc and are therefore of only limited accuracy. For this reason, no hard numbers were calculated (ie timed searches). Instead, I rated each search engine based on 5 searches per engine at the same time, same day. The possible Speed Ratings are as follows Excellent, Good, distressingCriteria 3 - Search OptionsThis criteria was to evaluate the search engines advanced search options.

Female Discrimination In The Labor Force Essay -- Gender Discriminatio

Female Discrimination in the Labor ForceIn the past decades there has been a dramatic increase in the number ofwomen participating in the labor force. This expansion has unfortunately shownhow women atomic number 18 still being treated as inferior citizens when comp be theirwages and the jobs they are hired for to that of men. Many women in similaroccupations as men, and having the same qualifications are only paid a fractionof what their male counterparts are paid. The only reasonable explanation thatcan be found for this income gap is discrimination. This unfair treatment shownthroughout the handouts illustrate how far people still give birth to go before equaltreatment becomes standard.The increase in female participation started occurring during the 1970s.The number of women in the civilian labor force jumped from 23 one million million in the1960s to 31 million in the 1970s. This leap would continue and increase inthe 1980s and on into the 1990s. The result, in 1995, is a female labor forcethat total over 60 million. This comprised 46 percent of the civilian practiceforce (10).A reason for the rise in participation by women may be in the way womensaw marriage and children. Fewer women saw marriage as a settling down. Womenwho had children began to return to their jobs. The number of working womenthat were either marital or had children or both increased dramatically. In1965, women with children under 18 years of age numbered 35.0 percent of thelabor force. This number increased to 47.4 percent in 1975. In ten years itwas 62.1 percent and finally in 1995 it had grown to 69.7 percent (7). Thisshowed that the female attitude towards having children and marriage has changed.According to the handouts, in 1970 women were paid seedy when comparedto their male counterparts. The female worker had a median yearly earning of 19,101 dollars. This was only 59.4 percent of what the males made. This doesstart to change in the 1980s as female fee rose to 60.2 p ercent of mens.Five years later it had reached 64.6 percent. By 1990, the females earningshad risen to 71.6 percent of what a man would make (2).Women in the workplace arrive at always been discriminated against. Eversince the first women started to work... ... that women werein some way not as accomplished or competent as men. Yet, a more in depthinvestigation would show that women are just as qualified, if not more so, thanmen. A principal of equal pay for equal work should be employed by allbusinesses and would definitely close the income gap.Most people want to correct the unequal treatment of women in the workforce. One manner that can be used to support equality would be to introduce afederal legislation to guarantee equal pay for equal work if there isnt onealready. The logistical problem with this solution though would be great. Howwould people measure the value of one persons work to anothers? Who woulddecide this and how would it be implement? Much still has to be done beforethis important issue is laid to rest.Peoples attitudes towards women in the work force is slowly starting tochange. More opportunities are appearing for women workers. The unequaltreatment of working women will take years to change, but change is occurring.This topic will remain until the day people are treated and paid equally basedupon their abilities and not anything else.

The Movie Amarcord Essay -- essays research papers fc

The movie Amarcord was directed by Federico Fellini and shot in 1974. The setting of the story is a sm wholly town in Italy during the clip period of the 1930s. In my research, I discovered that Mr. Fellini based most of his movies on his life experiences. The town depicted in this movie is Rimini, his home town. He was a well known director who was not afraid to express his characters emotions and actions in bizarre or unorthodox ways. The scene I watched opens with a young man, Titta, fish filet by a tobacco store to purchase a buns. The shopkeeper is a robust, very well-endowed older women. When he walks in, the fat woman is all alone. Titta is skinny and immature and wants to prove his strength by claiming he can lift the fat woman off the ground. The fat woman closes the door for concealment and lets Titta try. He is so determined that Titta accomplishes this feat by lifting her more than once. Titta is sweating a great deal and breathing so heavy after this that he has t o sit down to get his breath. As Titta struggles to lift her, the fat woman has a look of ecstasy on her face as if she was engaged in sexual activity. The next thing that happens is the fat woman opens her sweater and whips out her breasts. Titta is inexperienced and does not know how to handle the situation. Hes not certainly what hes supposed to do. The fat woman tells him to suck her breasts. Titta tries to please her, but again because he is inexperienced. He struggles to give her sexual satisfaction by continuing to suck and ask if he is doing it right. The fat woman becomes frustrated because she has not reached her sexual peak and rebuffs Titta. The next thing you know she gives him a cigarette and tells him to leave. Titta is too tired and weak to open the door, so the fat woman says shell do it and opens it easily. The director used the camera angles to illustrate the emotions of the two characters. The camera rivet on the fat womans big girth when Titta first walked int o the shop and again when he was trying to lift her. There were several close-up shots of the womans face depicting sexual arousal as he was trying to lift her and again as he was sucking on her breasts. The close-up shots of Tittas face were also well done because they showed him sweating and making these strange facial expressions because she was too heavy. You could tell from the close-up shots of his fac... ... the director, Federico Fellini, did a brilliant job in creating this movie. The alter camera angles and lighting techniques helped to make the film seem true to life. In my opinion, the movie did not have a specific plot. I believe it was more of an attempt to look at life through a young mans fantasies. The movie received several awards including an Academy Award in 1975 for Best Foreign Language Film, New York Film Critics Circle Awards for Best Director and Best Film (1974), and Best Foreign Language Film (1974) from subject Board of Review. If you like farcical com edy, then you would enjoy this movie. I would recommend it for adults of all ages. BibliographyAmarcord. Dir. Federico Fellini. Screenplay Federico Fellini and Tonino Guerra. Perf. Magali Noel and Bruno Zanin. S.C. Produzzioni S.R.L P.E.C.F. 1974Giannetti, Louis and Scott Eyman. Flash-back A Brief History of Film. 4th ed. New Jersey Prentice-Hall, Inc, 2001. meshing Movie Database Inc. Amarcord IMDb. 2002.Juggling Information Service. Amarcord Juggling. 2000...FILM APPRECIATIONSECOND PAPER

Real Time Article :: essays research papers

The terms misuse creates misunderstanding both inside organizations and out in the market. Real beat is expensive. Creating and managing engineering science applications that operate in authorized time require a lot of infrastructure, people, and processing power. These are unnecessary if you dont mind if an action occurs "just in time" or "some time later on."A few examples     Real-time analytics and reporting. Does it matter? Depends on the use. For people only concerned with strategy insights, such as paths different visitors types take, or those focused on use of different navigation tools, real time is meaningless. If no action you can take in real time changes the user experience, then time and money spent to get information faster is overkill. The extra information is probably a distraction.If youre an editor and ever adjust stories and headlines to respond to audience interest, then real-time data can make a difference. It may be a w orthwhile investment. Bottom line, real-time analytics are good for tactical applications, overkill for strategic ones.     Real-time actionability. As with the above example, this matters if the desired action is tactical. Would very fresh information help someone or something take an action at the same time?If resulting actions are strategic only and not intended to be taken at the same egregious the information is created, then real time is wasted technology. You dont need real-time audience information if you only use it at a weekly meeting to discuss behavior trends.     Real-time personalization. In personalization, real time is essential. If you want to personalize content for individual visitors, such as weather or work recommendations, you must do it in real time. You cant wait minutes or hours to update pages. Visitors wont be there anymore.You cant personalize content without recognizing users and changing content the molybdenum they arrive. Of course, this can be quite expensive. Those with content management systems with personalization have a special appreciation for the processing and data management costs associated with real-time actions at scale.     Real-time ad segmentation and targeting. Another example of where real time can really matter. Ad targeting is a very frontline, tactical operation. If you want to possess a specific ad to a specific type of person, you must identify the person and deliver the ad in real time.To deliver self-propelled ads to people who viewed automotive content, no matter where they go on the site, you must target as soon as they visit automotive content.

Divine Comedy: Dante Puts the Hell in Hellenism Essay -- Divine Comedy

Divine Comedy Dante Puts the Hell in Hellenism Ever since they were created Greek heroes and their stories have found a complete(a) home in the minds and imagination of everyday people. There they grow to new height through art and literature. Dante Alighieri includes famous Greek characters throughout the first earmark of his Divine Comedy Hell. From the famed philosophers and personages who fill Limbo to the very last circles of Hell where the giants inhabit, Dante uses as images of different sins, and punishment for individuals sins famous Greek monsters, lovers, and heroes. Throughout accounting monsters and hideous beasts have been used to terrify men. Dante uses beasts not only to terrify, but to be images of individual sins as well as tormentors of these sins. Most of the monstrous organisms by which the functions of Hell are discharged are taken from Greek and Roman mythology. They are neither devils nor damned souls, but the images of perverted appetites, presiding over the circles appropriate to their natures (Dante 89). The Furies, images of waste remorse that never repents, serve as guards to Circles V and VI. In classical mythology they eternally pursued the guilty, haunting him wherever he journeys and therefore driving him insan... ..., the favorite hero who returned to his wife after ten years of wandering, in the Inferno with the Counselors of Fraud. Dante places him here because he is responsible for the theft of the great Palladium, the ancient image of genus Athene Athena, an idol that, as long as it remained in Troy, prevented the city from being taken. Dante shows the reader that it matters not how great one is on earth, the price of ones sins must be paid. Dante uses as icons of different sins, and punishment for these sins Greek monsters, lovers, and heroes. Work Cited Alighieri, Dante. Divine Comedy The Inferno. Viking Penguin. October 1983.

Is the National School Lunch Program a Success or Failure? Essay

Recently there has been revisions to the National trail tiffin Program (NSLP) and schools were ask to overhaul their entire menus to provide the students with reasoning(a) and nutritious nutritions including fruits and vegetables. The reinvigorated school lunch rules are part of the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 which has been implemented this fall.(Post Standard) The Hunger Act allows the USDA the opportunity to ingest reforms to the school lunch and breakfast programs. With these revisions discern exigent guidelines from the federal government that each school district must follow in order to receive funding and reimbursement (National School Lunch Program, 2012, solemn p. 1). In this essay i will be comparing the positive and blackball effects of these recent revisions to the NSLP. I will then discuss whether or not these changes are skilful to the children receiving the meal and whether NSLP is leaving children hungry or helping children make healthy food choi ces.The NSLP was established by President Truman in 1946 and has expanded ever since (Congressional Digest, 2010, p. 292). In its first year of the program 7.1 million children participated in the NSLP. Today, thirty- iodin million children each day get their lunch through with(predicate) NSLP. The cost of this program is approximately $6.1 billion annually and continues to rise with the cost of food (Congressional Digest, 2010, p. 293). The new NLSP standards aim to combat childhood obesity, malnutrition and educate children on how to make healthy food choices. The requirements for kindergarten to fifth grade are as follows limited sodium and saturated fat, must be trans-fat free, cup of fruit, cup serving of vegetables, 8 oz of fat free milk, 8-10 ounces of message/m extinguish alternates a calendar week or 1 ounce daily, and 1 oz serving a day of grains and half of the grains offered per week must be whole grain.The calorie range for a lunch, kindergarten through fifth grade is a minimum 550 calories and the maximum is 650 calories. Schools are also required to serve c dark green, c red/ orange, 1/2c legumes and 1/2c starchy vegetables weekly. The revisions have increased the fruits by a c, vegetables by c, decreased the m swallow from 2 oz to 1 oz, and milk must be fat free or 1% low fat ( Dietary Guidelines 2012). These revisions have been met with positive and negative responses. I decided to discuss this by interviewing Terry Warwick the Director of Food Services at my sons school Granby Elementary.She is responsible for planning and implementing the changes from the NSLP. She designs the menu, orders the food and continues to attend workshops to stay current with the new guidelines. The first question i asked was, what difficulties did you have implementing the changes to NSLP? She explained that it is difficult to meet the necessitate of all students with one standard. Many students such(prenominal) as athletes require more calories, so they leave the cafeteria hungry.The school cannot discriminate one group of students over another, so they encourage the students to take everything offered not skipping fruits and vegetables. I then asked her if they are noticing a lot of food waste, students taking the extra fruits and vegetables and then throwing them out. She replied that the students are hungry at lunch, they essential to eat therefore they harbort seen very much waste. Students are given the choice of fruits and vegetables they can refuse two but are required to take three and if they want they can take all fruits and vegetables offered. Terry Warwick informed me that the cost of buying lunch had gone up twenty five cents from last year, i asked her if this is a result of the changes to the NSLP and she said yes.The cost of fruits and vegetables has escalated so they had to increase the cost of lunch. The government subsides our school by $1.50 per meal served if they meet the NSLP requirements. She explained th e new guidelines are very strict and require a specific computer program to follow all restrictions based on color, food and serving size. She has seen many positive results to these changes including students are toil around more fruits and vegetables that they dont always get at rest home. Students are learning to make healthy choices and it is encouraged to see them load up on fruits and vegetables (Interview Terry Warwick, 2012, November, 15). I found this interview very informative.As a parent I was very pleased to cope the amount of effort that is creation made to plan and prepare the lunch that is served at my sons school. The changes to the NSLP have had many positive effects on the students that can be seen in their daily performance at school. Children who eat healthy perform, learn, have more energy and are generally happier kids. It is reassuring as a parent to know your child is eating healthier foods at school. The main focus of the NSLP is to teach children to mak e healthy choices and help combat childhood obesity. Students are learning to eat more fruits andvegetables and to try things they might not have at home.They are more bidly to be fit and active and participate in activities like school sports, develop socially and have self confidence. The revision to the NSLP have also had some negative effects on students and parents. Students who do not eat enough fruits and vegetables leave the lunchroom hungry. Parents have children coming home from school starving and this is when the complains begin. Many students who are athletic require more calories than they are given and therefore, needs are not being met by the new NSLP revisions. A recent article in the Post Standard talks about the boycott a student has organized at our local high school. This student is trying to bring attention to this growing problem of students still being hungry aft(prenominal) lunch. He states 850 calories is ridiculously low, he said. If you get salad, its just lettuce and the green beans dont taste good. So it means I fill in home and binge eat because Im so hungry. (The Post Standard, 29 Oct. 2012). This boycott has been especially difficult for students who receive free lunch.Peer pressure has prevented some from getting sometimes the only meal they eat that day. Another big problem is the decrease in entree size, foods such as meatballs portions have been burn up in half so instead of 4 meatballs they get 2. Some articles written on this have said there is a big dowery of food waste especially in high schools as much as 30%. Schools that prepare their meals from scratch have noticed that there is itsy-bitsy waste because the food is not processed and fresh. The revisions to the NSLP have had many hurdles to overcome and it is very difficult to have one standard for everyone to follow. As a parent I have listened to both sides of this topic and will evaluate whether or not i cipher the NSLP is beneficial to the students. I not iced briefly after the first week of school, my son was coming home from school starving. He indicated there wasnt enough food on the days he bought lunch. After a phone call to the school, i learned about the revisions and talked with him about taking all the food that was offered to him whether or not he care them.The outcome from this conversation has been great, he has started eating more fruits and vegetables that he wouldnt even try at home. He has talked more and more about making healthy choices and is asking questions about what foods are healthy and what are not. I really think age is a big factor in implementing the NSLP, children at a childly age are more likely to learn how to eat healthy than at a high school age. I think the negative effects we are seeing to these revisions are largely in part because students did not learn how to eat healthy at a young age and it is difficult to change those unhealthy eating patterns as young adults. Teenagers eat an amazing amoun t of food and it is very hard to have one standard for all, students do have the option to buy a second meal and parents should pack an extra sandwich for athletes so they dont come home starving.Childhood obesity is growing at an alarming rate and something needs to be done to stop it, if children arent learning how to make healthy choices at home then at least they are learning that at school. I think the National School Lunch Program is beneficial in decreasing the rate of childhood obesity and assisting our children adopts healthy eating patterns that will follow them through life.Works Cited PageConcannon, K., (2012). National School Lunch Program. Website http//www.fns.usda.gov/cnd/lunch/ Retrieved on November 16, 2012. Lincoln, B., (2012). Federal Child Nutrition Programs Food Assistance and Dietary Education. Congressional Digest Debates.Retrieved from http//congressionaldigest.com/issue/ on November 17, 2012. McGregor, J., (2012). Federal School lunches command that starte d this fall leave many Center New York students hungry. The Post Standard 29 (10). Warrick, T., Personal phone interview on November 14, 2012. Fulton, New York. Dietary Guidelines and the School Nutrition Program from Terry Warwick 11/15/12

Agricultural Marketing Information Systems in Africa Essay

DISCUSSIONS1. Briefly discuss an agricultural marketing information carcass use figure 4.1 as a guide.Agricultural marketing information system in the information system used in gathering, analyzing and disseminating information about prices and opposite information relevant to farmers, animal rearers, traders, processors and others involved in handling agricultural products. Market information systems play an important role in agro-industrialization and food egress chains.2. How might the South African system be seen as an effort at increasing market accessibility and competitive advantage?The new system was designed to enable producers to best satisfy consumer demands, assist them in making deals with international brokers and distributors, and at the said(prenominal) time make a profit. In doing so, they had capable agriculture to the vagaries and demands of the global system of trade. The policy had been designed to make it easier for producers to export a range of products , offer greater market access and at the same time encourage farmers to expand their operations. The marketing information system was an effort to increase market accessibility and gain competitive advantages at the international markets.3. valuate the suitability of the Esoko system for Africa.Studies carried out to assess the impact of Esoko services revealed real improvements in farmer incomes due to services such as Esoko price alerts. This enthronement not only offers high social impact for small holder farmers, but in the longer-term, the platform has the potential to impact the information dissemination and general efficiency of agricultural value chains in Sub-Saharan Africa. For instance, it help solve information asymmetry or shortcomings and integrates smallholder farmers into the formal value chain by providing a robust communications infrastructure that allows smallholder farmers to be reached quickly and served inexpensively through mobile phones, a medium that is e verywhere and easy-to-use. The platform enables multiple stakeholders in the value chain to push critical information to small-holder farmers such as market prices, agronomic and training tips, while also providing the ability to survey farmers to transform their needs and desires.4. Briefly discuss whether South Africa should have develop a system like Esoko rather than opting for a web-based origin.A web based solution is a complex answer to a problem that could s postulate addressed by solutions that could easily be grasp by the farmers and the producers as well. Given that match to studies only 17% of the South African population have accessed to the internet. We could not also deny that South Africa have a low literacy rate. This also imply that the use of computers and internet would not that easy as expected for the farmers. On the other hand, system like Esoko can be easily digested. It is a wide-eyed connection for the farmer and producers that could be easily spread th rough the continent. Only the need of a simple mobile phone and a subscription for the case of Esoko.

Modern Family Essay

In September 2009, America was introduced to moderne Family, the new award-winning presentation. The show centers nearly trinity families, all of which interact with each other. Not entirely does Modern Family deal with the traditional family, moreover also introduces a homosexual couple, and a mixed marriage. condition that these families are interrelated, Modern Family can rea watchwordably be described as new-made. The combination of traditional and new elements grows from the blended dialog, which the producer of this show tries to communicate. These elements lay only on the surface, and deeper looks in spite of appearance each family structure prove that the shows title is misleading. New family visions are never fully embraced, but instead change to fit into a common family thought. In contrast to its title, Modern Family get alongs traditional sexual practice roles and stereotypes of women, which result in the portrayal of an inaccurate emblem of the female and wea kens the lieu of women in todays U.S. society.Even though Modern Family tries to communicate an new idea of family, the shows trust on male structures has created plotlines modeling traditional thoughts within each family. With Mitchell Pritchett and Cameron Tucker, the producers of Modern Family succeeded in creating a liberal homosexual couple characterized by their progressive denial of a traditional family structure. The intermarriage of Jay Pritchett and Gloria Delgado also deviates from the norm, not only by highlighting Glorias Latin American origin, but also by their visible age difference. With this interracial relationship, Modern Family follows the trend of youthful video recording serial such as Lost Greys Anatomy and Emergency Room to include mixed partnership in their story-lines. The moment of these examples is that the auditory sense assumes that Modern Family promotes new families and dismisses the classic gender construction however, it lacks resistance towar ds male family dominance, showing the false approach this show tries to communicate Stability is constructed around the promotion of a male, and traditional formation of the dominant thought of the The Standard North American Family (SNAF), as argued by Dorothy E. Smith.In her article about SNAF as an Ideological Code, she states that the clear division of devise sphere and domestic sphere between husband and wife characterizes the concept of a family. The men arethe families lede earners, making the women dependent on their husbands income. As seen in Modern Family neither Claire Dunphy nor Gloria Pritchett is responsible for contributing to her familys income, which forces them to rely on their husbands earnings. The shows belief on the deeply fixed thought becomes even more evident by looking at Mitchell Pritchett and Cameron Tucker. Their progressive portrayal seems to make a untarnished gender distribution unlikely, but the episode Mothers Day reveals that Mitchell takes th e role as mother, while Cameron functions as father. Modern Family focuses on female gender stereotypes to further promote a male-dominant family thought. The mass medias tendency to resolve social change and reproduce assumptions about womens appropriate roles creates inaccurate images of Gloria and Claire as modern women (Dow 19).The work Constructing Gender Stereotypes Through Social Roles in Prime-Time Television gives a definition of the construction of female identity and communication throughout television. It states stereotypes offer overviews about the great unwashed on the basis of their group membership (Lauzen, Dozier, and Horan 201). While both women share the identity of motherhood, home life, and family-orientation, their individual characteristics differ. Glorias Latin American origin deviates from her white, American colleague. Glorias character symbolizes views many Americans have regarding Latin American women, such as being passive, and dependent on men. ABCs off icial definition of Gloria states that Jay married the much younger, much hotter, much more Colombian Gloria. Numerous episodes also make fun of her strong Latin American accent. The episode The angiotensin-converting enzyme That Got Away features Jays birthday and instead of his wish to get a saxophone, Gloria gets him a sexy phone, a phone in the shape of a mouth. Additionally, teensy-weensy is known about Glorias educational or professional background in Colombia.This results in the motives of her marriage to the much older Jay Pritchett are being questioned. Gloria is incriminate of being a gold digger for wanting to marry a rich white American, most likely to obtain the American Dream for her and her son Manny. Contrary to Glorias racist stereotypical description, Claire Dunphy represents the traditional stay-at-home-mother, who dedicates her life to the domestic land. Compared to Glorias glamorous looks, Claire is dressed more casually, indicating that her priorities lie w ithin the family. Throughout the series the audiences discovers that sheonce had a successful profession, which she quit for her family. This shows that despite her strong, controlling character, she is not an independent woman. Claires description of vacation as a business rubberneck demonstrates that she takes her position as mother very seriously, even more than her previous occupation. Through the promotion of traditional family values and the stereotypical presentation of women in the U.S. show Modern Family, an inaccurate image of the reality and impact of women in U.S. society is created.Even though feminist scholar Andrea L. Press argues that it is not the role of television to immediately and accurately reflect social and political behavior in ones society, she draws the attention to the representation of contradictory notions about feminine gender identity and female roles in mass media (Press, Women Watching Television Andrea Press has also studied the relationship betwe en women and work on television, and has identified that the image of working women on U.S. sitcoms correlates with the rise of womens participation in the U.S. labor force, resulting from the changing shape of the American family through rising divorce rates and change magnitude acceptance of alternative family forms (Press,Gender And Family 148).While currently 58.9 percent of married women with younger children, and 70.7 percent with children aged six to seventeen are employed, it is questionable wherefore none of the women in Modern Family holds jobs (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics). Of course, the concept of women working is not the only controversial family-related issue that inconveniently left out of reciprocation in the television series. Even though the introduction of sensitive issues, such as sexuality and race, in present television shows (Press, Gender And Family 140) can be noticed, these narratives often minimize the real problems American women face today (Press , Women Watching Television27-28). This observation does not meet the ideals of Modern Family, whereas issues like race, sexuality, and career decisions might be shown, but not openly be discussed.The longstanding moral concept of the traditional family is promoted through the show and by constantly repeating gender roles the audience assumes these structures as true and authentic (Lauzen, Dozier, and Horan 201-202). A critical review on Modern Family easily reveals old-fashioned values. Despite its success, this show is not as modern as it claims to be and couldeasily have been aired in the 1980s, a television era that was also characterized by a return to traditional family values. Nevertheless, Modern Family, airing in the 21st century, is continually stereotyping women in an old fashioned manner as mothers and housewives. These lines do not meet real female ambitions or provide a satisfactory reading of todays American women. As Bonnie J. Downotes the danger is not in enjoying t elevision series but in mistaking these images for something more than the selective, partial images that they are (Dow 214).

Existentialism is a Humanism Essay

In Existentialism is a Hu valet de chambreism, Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980) presents an accessible description of existentialism. A key inclination of existentialismand of the hu homo condition is that macrocosm precedes essence. The essence of something is its meaning, its intended purpose. A paper cutter is made to cut paper that is its point. Humans, however, do not arouse an essence. Man exists, turns up, appears on the scene, and, only afterwards, defines himself. We take no greater purpose, no pre-determined plan, no ultimate meaning. We have, in Sartres words, no human nature, since there is secret code (e.g. God) outside of us which would conceive of it for us. We argon simply here, and it is up to us to define ourselves.Responsibility Man is nothing else but what he makes of himself. We have choice, we have subjectivity, and we choose what we impart make ourselves to be we are entirely responsible for our existence Thus, existentialisms first move is to make every man aware of what he is and to make the replete(p) responsibility of his existence rest on him. This thought is often not easily accepted. Subjectivity is a word that riles up many. If everything is innate then nothing is objective nothing is absolute Our aline are nothing more than our whims Nothing is right or wrong Rabble, rabble, rabble Sartre replies that, it is impossible for man to buy the farm human subjectivity. He isnt proverb I select subjectivity over objectivity, hes asking, how can we possibly not be subjective? Even the religious individual who believes that morality is absolute and comes from God must, at some point, choose to believe that this is the case. Our responsibility is a blessing and a curse. It leads us to feel things like anguish, forlornness, and desperation.Anguish We experience anguish in the face of our subjectivity, because by choosing what we are to do, we choose for everyone. When you make a decision you are saying this is how anyone ought to be have given these circumstances. Many people dont feel anguish, but this is because they are fleeing from it. If you dont feel a sense of misgiving when you make decisions, its because you are forgetting roughly your total and deep responsibility toward yourself and all of humanity.Forlornness Forlornness is the idea that God does not exist and that we have to face all the consequences of this. There is no morality a priori. There is no absolute right or wrong. There is no ultimate judge. This is a very distressing idea. As Dostoievsky said, If God didnt exist, everything would be possible permissible. Without God we have nothing to cling to. There is no determinism, man is free, man is freedom. We have no values or commands to turn to which legitimize our conduct. In other words, we have no excuses, and we are entirely responsible for our decisions. What are our values? The only way to determine them is to make a decision. At the end of the day, your ideals arent what matter what matters is what you actually did.Despair Despair arises because we only have business office to change things that are within our power to changeand there is a lot we cannot change. Reality is impartial and out of your control, except for small aspects of it here and there. We despair because we can never have full control of the future.What Will Happen Will Happen Tomorrow, after my death, some men may decide to set up Fascism, and the others may be cowardly and muddled enough to let them do it. Fascism will then be the human reality, so much the worse for us.Regardless of what is right or wrong, good or bad, and regardless of whether these are absolutes or not, things will be as man will have immovable they are to be. What will happen will happen and humanity will be entirely responsible for what it does. Does this mean we ought to become passively accepting of what will happen? Sartre says the exact opposite. Does that mean that I should abandon myself to quietism? No. Quiet ism is the attitude of people who say, Let others do what I cant do. The doctrine I am presenting is the very opposite of quietism, since it declares, There is no reality except in live up to. Moreover, it goes further, since it adds, Man is nothing else than his plan he exists only to the extent that he fulfills himself he is therefore nothing else than the ensemble of his acts, nothing else than his life.No Excuses This is why existentialism horrifies some people. It puts such a burden of responsibility squarely on their shoulders. They cant stand to think they were at fault for not being a great or successful person, for having no great friendships or love. They think they are the victim of circumstances they harbourt had the proper education, leisure, or incentives they havent found the right person yet they havent had the opportunity to show their greatness. Sartre, however, says that The coward makes himself cowardly, the hero makes himself heroic. The artist is an artist be cause of the works of art he created, not because of what he could have created.The mathematician is famous for the math he did, not what he maybe could have done. We find that this is a harsh thought to someone whose life hasnt been a success. We are responsible for our successes and failures. simply at the same time, this harshness forces us to face the incredibly important fact that Reality alone is what counts. Sartre sees these views not as a pessimism, but as an optimistic toughness. Optimistic in that we are the rulers of our lives our destiny is within our hands we are encouraged to take action.Sartre summarizes his idea of optimism and action in the following passage. Thus, I think we have answered a number of the charges concerning existentialism. You see that it can not be taken for a philosophy of quietism, since it defines man in terms of action nor for a pessimistic description of manthere is no doctrine more optimistic, since mans destiny is within himself nor for an attempt to discourage man from acting, since it tells him that the only hope is in his acting and that action is the only thing that enables a man to live.Is Choice Arbitrary? Sartre ends this piece with a further defence reaction of subjectivism, in which I wish he had gone into a little more detail. He says people are still not satisfied with the idea of subjectivism, and objections usually come in one of the following forms 1. Well then, youre able to do anything, no matter what Youre promoting anarchy But this isnt the point. It is not possible to not choose.In not making a choice you are still choosing not to choose. Choice is inescapable we are condemned to be free because we are human, whether or not we are existentialists. 2. You cant pass judgement on others, because theres no reason to prefer one idea to another We can still hold values, and values appear out of the choices we make. Through our actions (as an individual and as a group), we create ethics. 3. Everything ab out your choice is arbitrary We define ourselves through our actions, in relationship to involvement. And as we make ourselvesas we make choicesit is absurd to say we are choosing arbitrarily.

Marketing Plan- Pepsi in Pakistan

Contentsac lastledgement3 executive summary4 challenge5 youthful result category5 product line extension5 incremental improvement5 introduction to the guild5 sigtuation digest7 political party analysis7 mission statement7 vision statement7 foodstuff sh atomic number 188 customer analysis8 customers8 consumer finis process9 competitors10 collaborators11 climate12 economic effect analysis12 political effect analysis13 technological factors14 social and cultural analysis14 swot analysis of pepsi15 strengths15 weaknesses15 opportunities16 threats16 securities industry segmentation16behavioral base16 congnitive base17 selected merchandise place strategy17 product17 mark17 logo18 pepsi slogan18 product line19 packaging19 m iodintary value20 prices of different bottles21 discounts21 placement/statistical diffusion channel22 indirect distribution22 direct distribution22 promotions22 conclusion23 suggestions23 bibliography24 references24 evidences24 visiting cards24 acknowledgemen t ?We owe our gratitude to Allah all-powerful whose verbalizeer of blessings and kindness has been on us throughout the working on these pages. It is His help that we finally able to compile this document.Related article co.uk/gardenia-marketing-plan/Gardenia Target MarketWe be indebted to our respected teacher Miss Fiaza Rehman whos indispensable and intricate comments on various aspects conjoined with motivation make us come frontward holding much(prenominal) as project. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ? Purpose of this project is to study the strategies which Pepsi is doing in Pakistani market for its product Pepsi cola. Pepsi International is a gentlemans gentleman renowned brand. It is a really hale organized multinational company, which operates almost all over the military personnel. In Pakistan It besides has proved itself to be the No. 1 soft insobriety.Now days Pepsi is recognized as Pakistanis National drink Pepsis greatest rival is coca plant low-down. Coca Cola has an su pranational recognized brand. Cokes basic strength is its brand name. But Pepsi with its aggressive marketing planning and quick diversification in creating and promoting new ideas and product packaging, is successfully maintaining is No. 1 position in Pakistan. Pepsi is operating in Pakistan, through its 12 bottlers all over Pakistan. These bottlers atomic number 18 Pepsis strength. Pepsi has given franchise to these bottlers.Bottlers, produce, distribute and help in promoting the brand. Pepsi also launched its fast food chain KFC i. e. Kentucky Fried Chicken. We also did analysis of the soft drink industry in Pakistan and worldwide. The soft drinks set to flummox worlds leading boozing sector. Global inspiration of soft drinks is rising by 5% a year. CHALLENGE Pepsi is doing new product development on frequent interval of successions. The calculate of which is to refresh the brand. By new products and innovative ideas consumers wad easily be attracted.In succeeding(a) way s Pepsi is doing new product development. New product category Pepsi which is primarily a company of soft drinks after establishing a brand in Pakistan Pepsi came into several new product category. Lays, kurkuray and aqua fina, fast food restaurants are the fonts of new product category. Product line extension Mountain dew is the most recent addition in the product line of soft drinks which is rattling popular curiously among the youngsters. However Pepsi launch its several variants with a minor difference on frequent interval of time. in that respect contrive been many Pepsi variants produced over the years since 1903, including Diet Pepsi, crystallizing Pepsi, Pepsi Twist, Pepsi Max, Pepsi Samba, Pepsi Blue, Pepsi Gold, Pepsi Holiday Spice, Pepsi Jazz, Pepsi X (available in Finland and Brazil), Pepsi Next (available in Japan and South Korea), Pepsi Raw, Pepsi Retro in Mexico, Pepsi One, Pepsi Ice Cucumber and Pepsi White in Japan. * Line pickax Pepsi claims that they are doi ng mass marketing but in that respect was an unfilled gap in the consumers. The diabetic patient cant expend the regular Pepsi because f the sugar. So Pepsi had introduced diet Pepsi to fill the gap in their drinks as of then onwards even diabetic people became their consumers. Incremental Improvement Pepsi jumbo is an example of incremental improvement made by Pepsi. It was 2. 25 liter bottle introduced few years ago in Pakistan. The purpose of this packing is to offer the Pepsi to a family for unrivaled or two time meals. Price of this pack is also kept low so that is can be affordable easily by the consumers. INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPANY Pepsi International is a world renowned brand.It is a very(prenominal) well organized multinational company, which operates almost all over the world. They produce, sensation of outgo carbonate drinks in the world. Pepsi is a symbol of hygiene, choice and service, all over the world. Pepsi is producing Cola for more than than 100 years and it has dominate the world market for a long time. Its head office is in New York. HISTORY OF PEPSI COLA It was first introduced as Brads Drink in New Bern, North Carolina in 1898 by Caleb Bradham, who made it at his pharmacy where the drink was sold.It was later named Pepsi Cola, possibly due to the digestive enzyme pepsin and kola nuts used in the recipe. Bradham sought to wee a fountain drink that was delicious and would aid in digestion and boost energy. In 1903, Bradham moved the bottling of Pepsi-Cola from his drugstore to a rented warehouse. That year, Bradham sold 7,968 gallons of syrup. The next year, Pepsi was sold in six-ounce bottles, and gross revenue additiond to 19,848 gallons. In 1909, automobile race pioneer Barney Oldfield was the first celebrity to endorse Pepsi-Cola, describing it as A bully drink efreshing, invigorating, a all right bracer before a race. The advertising theme Delicious and Healthful was then used over the next two decades. In 1926, Pepsi re al its first logo redesign since the original design of 1905. In the year 1929, the logo was changed again. In 1931, at the depth of the Great Depression, the Pepsi-Cola Company entered bankruptcy in large part due to financial losses incurred by speculating on wildly fluctuating sugar prices as a result of World fight I. Assets were sold and Roy C. Megargel bought the Pepsi trademark. Eight years later, the company went bankrupt again.Pepsis assets were then purchased by Charles Guth, the President of Loft Inc. Loft was a candy manufacturer with retail stores that contained soda fountains. He sought to replace Coca-Cola at his stores fountains after Coke refused to give him a discount on syrup. Guth then had Lofts chemists reformulate the Pepsi-Cola syrup formula. During the Great Depression, Pepsi gained popularity following the introduction in 1936 of a 12-ounce bottle. Initially priced at 10 cents, sales were slow, but when the price was slashed to five cents, sales emergence d shooterstantially.With a piano tuner advertising campaign featuring the jingle Pepsi-Cola hits the spot / Twelve full ounces, thats a lot / Twice as much for a nickel, too / Pepsi-Cola is the drink for you, lay in much(prenominal) a way that the jingle never ends. Pepsi encouraged price-watching consumers to switch, obliquely referring to the Coca-Cola standard of six ounces per bottle for the price of five cents (a nickel), instead of the 12 ounces Pepsi sold at the said(prenominal) price. Coming at a time of economic crisis, the campaign succeeded in boosting Pepsis status. In 1937 500,000,000 bottles of Pepsi were consumed.From 1936 to 1938, Pepsi-Colas profits doubled. Pepsis success under Guth came succession the Loft Candy business was faltering. Since he had initially used Lofts finances and facilities to establish the new Pepsi success, the near-bankrupt Loft Company sued Guth for possession of the Pepsi-Cola company. A long effectual battle, Guth v. Loft, then ensu ed, with the case reaching the Delaware Supreme Court and ultimately ending in a loss for Guth. PEPSI COLA PAKISTAN The market in Pakistan is surely dominated by Pepsi. It has proven itself to be the No. 1 soft drink in Pakistan. Now days Pepsi is recognized as Pakistanis National drink.In 1971, first institute of Pepsi was constructed in Multan, and from there after Pepsi is going higher and higher. Pepsi is the choice soft drink of every one. It is consumed by all age groups because of its distinctive taste. Compared with other Cola in the market, it is a bit sweeter and it contributes greatly to its liking by all. Consumers survey results explain the same outcome and Pepsi has been declared as the most cute soft drink of Pakistan. SITUATION summary COMPANY ANALYSIS MISSION STATEMENT To be the worlds premier consumer Products Company focused on convenient foods and beverages.We sample to produce healthy financial rewards to investors as we provide opportunities for growth and enrichment to our employees, our business partners and the communities in which we operate. And in everything we do, we strive for honesty, fairness and integrity. VISION STATEMENT To be the worlds best beverage company. Being the best agency providing outstanding quality, service, cleanliness and value, so that their every customer is contented and happy with their products. To improver the value of their fortuneholders investment through sales growth, cost control and wise investment of resources. MARKET SHAREWhen Pepsi was introduced in Pakistan, it faced fierce competition with 7up, lemon and lime drinks, which was schematic during 1968, in Multan. Pepsi introduced its lemon and lime, Teem to compete with 7up. It successfully, after some years, took over 7up, and this enhanced Pepsis profits and market share. In Pakistan, Pepsi with 7up enjoys 70% of the market share where as the coke just has 20% markets share. Pepsi is operating in Pakistan, through its 12 bottlers all o ver Pakistan. These bottlers are Pepsis strength. Pepsi has given franchise to these bottlers. Bottlers, produce, distribute and help in promoting the brand.Pepsi also launched its fast food chain KFC i. e. Kentucky Fried Chicken. CUSTOMER ANALYSIS CUSTOMERS There are three types of customers 1. Consumer 2. Business 3. Government Pepsi main focus is the consumers which are the end users. Pepsi has to make its marketing strategies keeping in view the consumer purchasing behavior. To forecast the behavior of the consumer is a business problem. Physical aspect of the consumer can be satisfied but it is difficult to satisfy the consumer psychologically. Consumer buying behavior is affected by certain factors like Cultural factors, Social factors, Personal factors and Psychological factors.So the manufacturing business should keep these factors in Mind while promoting their product so that they can acquire the customer and add their market share. There are different consumers in a soc iety whose behavior is not the same. Every consumer has a different perception of different products. Some consumers are impressed by one quality of the product which may be in the view of other consumer not that impressive. So to deal with different consumers in a society one should know about the consumer buying behavior process which may help in making a true picture of their product in the mind of the consumers.About 75 zillion cases a year for Pepsi alone the total beverage market is about 120 million cases of which 65% per cent are Pepsi products about 20 to 22 per cent are Coca-Cola products and Zum Zum cola and Mecca Cola, Amrit Cola and Muslim Cola there are so many colas there is RC and Double Cola which are franchised products. Altogether they bear around 5 per cent of the market. Due to the Afghan and Iraq wars, they did get a little footing especially in the frontier and capital of Pakistan area but still they are not hugely popular * ? Total annual sale of soft drin k in Pakistan 120 million cases * ?Pepsi annual sales in Pakistan 75 million * ? Market share of Pepsi 65% * ? Consumption growth 1. 7 % per year CONSUMER DECISION PROCESS Consumer decision process or consumer buying behavior is explained in some steps which are discussed below * Need Identification The consumer is thirsty and he wants to quench his thirst. * learning Search He impart search as to what will satisfy his thirst the most. * Evaluation of Alternatives He will now evaluate from the wide appreciation of beverages available to him that which one of them is suitable to him in terms of quality, taste and is pocket friendly. Selection After evaluating the product he will select a product. * purchase The consumer will buy the selected product. * Post-Purchase Experience It is the experience that the consumer gets after using the product. He will use the product again if he feels that his satisfaction after use is more or equal to the price of the product. After looking at above mentioned example, we can get an understanding that a product should be so desirable that whenever a person identifies his need, he selects our product among various substitute products and he feel satisfies so that he retains the use of that product.COMPETITORS Company who directly localize your customers. The marketing concept states that to be successful, a company must provide greater customer value and satisfaction than its competitors do. Pepsi has a tough competition with Coca Cola while it faces a little competition with the local producers like RC Cola, Shandi Cola etc. The local producers hardly affect the sales of Pepsi in the market. There are different types of competitor in the market. Some of them in which our product lies are discussed below ? Close Competitor Pepsi and Coke are close competitors.It heart and soul that both have direct competition in the market, their products are close substitutes for one some other. Both the products can influence the mar ket share of one another through effective strategies made to cope up with their competitors. * Distant competitors Pepsi cola and Nestle juice are distant competitors of one another. It doer that their products satisfy the same want but they are in indirect competition with one another. * Strong Vs Weak Coca Cola and Pepsi are strong competitors. In Pakistan Pepsi is the market drawing card and Coca Cola is its competitor.The Pepsi makes defense strategies so that it can maintain its position in the market. While Coca Cola is a challenger and it makes rape strategies so that it can become the market leader. Pepsi and Shandi Cola are weak competitors. Pepsi is the market leader and Shandi Cola is the follower. Pepsi is not in direct competition with the Shandi Cola. It means that Shandi Cola has little effect on the sales of Pepsi. COLLABORATORS Pepsi Cola International has given franchises all over Pakistan. These companies have installed their plants in different parts of Pakist an with these condition areas and names e. g.City Name of Franchise Karachi Pakistan Bottlers Lahore Riaz Bottlers Faisalabad Punjab Beverage Multan Shamim company Pepsi Cola provides consumers place utility which is, where ever and whenever you want it, you get it Pepsis channel of distribution is very aggressive accord to the consumers, manufacturers and distributors. Pepsi has 12 different units in different areas of Pakistan, which make the Pepsi easily available all over the country. The cities in which the Pepsi units are * Lahore * Sukkur * Karachi * Multan * Dera Ghazi Khan * capital of Pakistan * Faisalabad * Quetta * Hyderabad * Sahiwal * HattarPepsi is an international brand so it also has other units in other countries of the world like America, Europe, Afghanistan, Middle East and Central Asia. The big advantage for Pepsi in Pakistan is that it distributes the product through bottlers. So bottlers effort also contributes in the promotion of Pepsi. CLIMATE ECONOMIC printing ANALYSIS * Income and Income per Capita If the income level or per capita income of the people increases, it will have a positive effect on the consumption of Pepsi. * Inflation If the country faces inflationary trend in the market, the price of the Pepsi will ultimately increase which will lower its demand. Consumption Behavior Pakistan is a consumption oriented society. Due to demonstration effect the people are more inclined towards consumption than saving. So the people of Pakistan spent heavily on food items. Hence Pepsi has a skillful market share in the present circumstances. * Income Distribution It means how much is in the hands of rich and poor class. In Pakistan 10% rich people posses 93% of wealth and 90% people posses 7% of wealth. If there is balanced distribution of income in the country, the consumption of the people will increase hence increase the sales of beverages as well. * Payment ModAs the use of plastic property is change magnitude the consumption pattern of the people are increasing. Although it will have a low affect on the consumption of Pepsi. * Employment Opportunities As use of goods and services opportunities increase the living standard of the people increase and the people consume more. * Aggregate Demand In case of Pepsi, aggregate demand of the product increases in the season of summer as the hot weather makes the consumers want to drink more. * Aggregate Supply In summer season to cope up with the increasing demand they have to increase the aggregate supply of their product. * Economic PoliciesSome of the economic policies which can affect the market of Pepsi are discussed below * Fiscal Policy It is the form _or_ system of government of taxes. If heavy tax is levied on Pepsi then its price will rise having negative effect on its consumption. * Monetary Policy Monetary policy is made to restrict or increase the supply of money in the market. If policies are made to restrict the flow of money in the market, infl ation can be controlled hence increasing the real income of the people which will ultimately affect the consumption of Pepsi. * Price Policy If price of Pepsi is increased its demand will diminution and vice versa. Income Policy If income of the people will increase their purchasing power will increase and hence increasing the market share of Pepsi. POLITICAL EFFECT ANALYSIS * Political Stability Whenever the government is considered to be stable, the business will show. If there is political stability in the country the policies and strategies made by Pepsi can be consistent to be implemented. Foreign companies are also keen to invest in those countries which are politically stable where they have no headache of decline in their market share or shut down due to sudden change of government. Mixed Economy In mixed sparing government and private sector both plays their role in developing the economy of the country. Investment by foreign companies like Pepsi is more likely to flour ish in mixed economy.? * Laws Formulation Government has given copy rights to Pepsi so that another company cannot sell their product by the name of Pepsi. The countries where laws are formulated, the strategies and activities of the company are different. TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS * Research and DevelopmentThrough research and development quality of the product can be improved or fracture techniques or machinery can be developed which can increase the production. When technology is advance the supply of the product increase hence the company experiences growth in their business. SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ANALYSIS * Psychographic It is a combination of demographic and psychological factors. Psychological attributes mean how you perceive things. The company will focus on the behavior of consumers and make different changes in their product quantity or quality and in promoting their product so that they can attract the customers.Keeping in view that the behavior of different consumers is not equal they have to make their marketing strategies in accordance with their requirements so that they are inclined to buy the product. * Religious Religious factors can influence the market sales of Pepsi as it happened in 2003 when the U. S-led attack on Iraq, wide sections of society in Pakistan have banned American multinationals Coke and Pepsi * Social Status Pepsi is a well renowned brand. People who are brand conscious will not drink beverages of lesser known brands such as Amrat cola.They will try to show their status by drinking Pepsi which is known to all as a quality drink. * Media It is a very important factor for marketing. Media these days is a very effective way of inspiring people to buy a specific product. A good promotion can boast up sales to a great extent. SWOT ANALYSIS OF PEPSI SWOT Analysis, which is based on thorough review of the business (corporation, product category competition, customers and products), identities and evaluates the internal strengths and weakness of the companies well as its external threats and opportunities.The marketing mix is driven by the results of the SWOT analysis. STRENGTHS * Demand of Pepsi is more than its competitors. * Company has a very established name and a good reputation. * Pepsi has large market share than its competitors. * As the localize customers of Pepsi is young generation, so Pepsi has more brand loyal customers. * Most of the customers are satisfied with the price of the Pepsi. * Pepsi is an international company and it has a very strong position internationally. * The environment of factory is very good and attractive. * Pepsi spends a lot of budget on its advertising. Pepsi has a very vast distribution channel and it is easily available everywhere. * Employees are also motivated. * Pepsi offers many discount schemes for customers time to time. * Pepsi Cola is sponsoring sports, musical concerts, walks. * The location of the Pepsi plant is use that all major markets of Lahore are within the reach of the Pepsi plant within 30-45 minutes. WEAKNESSES * Pepsi does not offer any sort of incentive or discount to its retailers. * Pepsi target only young customers in their promotions. * Crown of the disposable bottle is not good. * Demand of disposal bottle is declining. Pepsi tin pack is not available in far off rural areas. * Pepsi is not considering many potential outlets like hotels, college canteens etc. OPPORTUNITIES * Company may start entering rural areas also. * The company may also diversify its business in some other potential business. * Increased interest of people in musical groups, cultural shows and sports has provided an opportunity for Pepsi to increase its sales through them. THREATS * The main competitor of the company is the Coca Cola. * At the international level, Pepsi has a very strong competition with Coke.Coke has started its advertisements more effectively to increase their demand and it is a very strong threat for Pepsi. * Cola drinks are not good for the health so the awareness level of the people is increasing which is a big threat to the company. MARKET SEGMENTATION It means that you divide the target market in to different groups. Market consists of buyers and buyers differ in one or more ways. They may differ in wants, resources, locations and buying practices. Through market segmentation companies divide large, heterogeneous markets into smaller segments that can be reached more efficiently and effectively with products nd services that match their unique necessitate. Segmentation is done on basis of the previously mentioned external factors and the following BEHAVIORAL arse It is how people perceive a specific product, in short psychological analysis of a product. Pepsi all over the world is recognized as a quality drink and therefore people drink it without any hesitation whenever they are thirsty or otherwise. So marketers of Pepsi have made it a drink for all people and for diabetic people they introduced die t Pepsi. CONGNITIVE BASE It pushes and pulls the consumer.If the outlook of Pepsi bottle is desirable and it attracts the consumer, he will buy it even if he isnt thirsty. SELECTED MARKET STRATEGY PRODUCT The soft drinks market in Pakistan enjoys dynamic growth in both volume and value terms. Carbonated drinks have become part of the culture in Pakistan and multinational companies have well-kept standards over the years to provide the nation with high-quality drinks. Rural areas of Pakistan have driven sales of carbonated drinks to new heights as more than 60 percent of the population resides in rural areas and young consumers are more attracted to advertising.Pepsi is the most popular and leader brand in the Pakistani market and is consumed by children and adults alike. Pepsi is a responsible corporate brand of Pakistan and have contributed a lot to the economy. In marketing, a product is anything that can be offered to a market that might satisfy a want or need. Until unless the p roduct of the company is not strong in the market it cannot survive in the longer run. Pepsi has a product line comprised up of carbohydrate drinks, Lays and many other products in Pakistan.Pepsis product line satisfies consumer ask because Pepsi produces different types of soft drinks for different consumers. The most popular product of Pepsi is Pepsi Cola. Due to its good taste Pepsi is a well-known product. Thus Pepsi Cola satisfies the consumers needs efficiently by launching a desired product. BRANDING Consumer view a brand name as an important part of the product and branding can add value to the product. A name, term, sign, symbol or design or a combination of these intended to identify the goods and services of one eller or group of seller and to differentiate them from their competitors. LOGO Logo is what establishes a brand name in the consumer mind. It is the brands identify, sig genius, image and more often it is a logo that makes of breaks a product logo plays a very e ffective role to improve the product or brand. Pepsi kept on changing its logo from time to time along with the trade marks. Evolution of Pepsi logo ? PEPSI SLOGAN 1909-1939 Delicious and Healthful 1939-1950 Twice As Much For A Nickel Too 1950-1963 The Light recreation 1953-1961 Be Sociable 961-1963 Now Its Pepsi For Those Who Think Young 1963-1967 Come Alive Youre In The Pepsi Generation 1967-1969 Taste That Beats The Others Cold 1969-1973 Youve Got A Lot To Live, Pepsis Got A Lot To Give 1973-1975 Join The Pepsi People Feelin Free 1975-1978 Have A Pepsi Day 1978-1981 Catch That Pepsi Spirit 1981-1982 Pepsis Got Your Taste For Life 1983-1983 Pepsi Now 1984-now Pepsi, The Choice Of A New Generation 2000 The choice of a new generation. 2003 Zinda Dilon Ki Pehchan. 006 Generation next. PRODUCT LINE SODA WATER CHIPS JUICES Pepsi cola Aquafina Lays Tropicana Teem Kurkure Mirinda 7up Dew Pepsi twist case Packaging is a part of product planning in which a firm researchers, designs, and produces its packaging. The physical container may be a cardboard, metal, plastic or wooden box a cellophane, wax paper, or cloth wrapper a glass, aluminum, or plastic jar or can a paper root word styro foam some other actual or a combination of these products frequently have more than one physical container.But packaging depends upon the product nature as well as structure means either it is liquid, semi liquid or solid. In case of Pepsi Cola, they take the packaging designs by considering what is better for company and what is better or convenient for the transportation. For protecting the syrup, Pepsi Cola uses the glass as well as plastic bottles of different quantity. The variants that are offered by Pepsi in terms of surface and quantity, 1. 175 ml Mini Bottle(not available now) 2. 250 ml official Bottle 3. 300 ml Tin 4. 1000 ml Regular Liter Bottle 5. 1500 ml Disposable BottlePRICE The amounts of money charged for a prod uct or service, or sum of the values that consumers exchange for the benefits of having or using the product or services. As price gives us the profit so this P is very important for business price of product should be that which gives maximal benefit to the company and which gives maximum satisfaction to the customer. Following factors Pepsi kept in mind while determining the pricing strategy. * Price should be set according to the product demand of public. * Price should be that which gives the company maximum revenue. Price should not be too low or too high than the price competitor is charging from their customers otherwise nobody will buy your product. * Price must be keeping the view of your target market. The price of Pepsi Cola, despite being market leader is the same as that of its competitor Coca cola. Sometimes, Pepsi places its customers into some psychological pricing strategies by reducing a high priced bottle and consumers think that they carry on a lot of money fro m this. PRICES OF DIFFERENT BOTTLES Regular bottle e= rupees 12 Non Returnable/disposable= rupees 17 Liter Bottle=rupees 30 . 5 Liter Bottle= rupees 60 2. 25 Liter Bottle= rupees 70 DISCOUNTS Pepsi Cola offers various discounts to those retailers who have the maximum sales of Pepsi products on daily, monthly and on seasonal basis. Some of the main discounts given to the retailers are as follows Quality Discount Following are discounts offered by Pepsi. 1/10 Discount I. e. one case of Pepsi is free on buying 10 cases of Pepsi at one time. 2/20 Discount I. e. two cases of Pepsi are free on buying 20 cases of Pepsi at one time. Seasonal Discount Following are discounts offered by Pepsi.Pepsi also offers seasonal discounts schemes by reducing price in Ramadan and on Eid. Pepsi also offers trade in allowance for retailers. PLACEMENT/DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL The Pepsi uses the following two channels for the distribution of their products. INDIRECT DISTRIBUTION Indirect distribution involves a gency holders e. g. Riaz Bottlers Pvt. Ltd. Lahore franchise has divided its region i. e. Lahore and Kasur districts in two categories. Local Zone These are 62 agencies distributing Pepsi Products (250ml Sd) only around Lahore in their respective allocated sub zones. Out Station Zone 7 dealers have been appointed by the bottlers for far distant places and in out skirts of Lahore and Kasur the dealers involved in direct distribution are only authorized to sell 250 ml (STD) bottle of Pepsi, Team and Marinda. DIRECT DISTRIBUTION The factory vehicles operate on 45 direct routes in Lahore selling non-returnable bottles Litter, Pet and Can. PROMOTIONS In Pakistan Pepsi is the most liked soft drink especially by young generation so the Pepsi cola company has devised such marketing strategy which attracted them. For this reason they started monitoring the habits of the generation.What they saw was that the students were crazy about play and usually liked to idealize them so in order to inc rease their sales the Pepsi cola company paid high amounts of money to the cricketers to act as their spokes men. Some of the most famous cricketers in the modern era have acted as spoke persons also film stars have been acting as spoke persons. The Pepsi cola company has after doing research also has introduced different size of bottles offered at lower prices so that everyone can afford them. Also Pepsi Company has introduced other soft drinks including mountain dew, seven up and marinda.Pepsi company has introduced other flavors such as Pepsi twist, Pepsi max diet Pepsi. Pepsi Cola Company has also become official sponsors of Pakistan cricket and has sponsored a number of series. Also Pepsi has donated a lot to the soil quake victims and has launched a number of prize schemes to attract new customers As a result of this marketing strategy Pepsi has become the largest seller of soft drinks in Pakistan and is slowly forming a monopoly in drinks market. Although many soft drinks li ke Pepsi have been introduced such as Amrit Cola, Quibla Cola offered at lower prices but none of these drinks have been able replace it.Frequency of the Pepsi ads varies from time to time. When the season is on Pepsi do heavy advertisement especially in ramzan days or eid occasions but this advertisement not wait consist. We can hardly see the ads of Pepsi now as there is winter season. CONCLUSION Pepsi is a well renowned company and it has maintained its position well by understanding the client psychology, by ensuring quality, by introducing ingenuity in products, by enlarging its product base, by keeping economic factors in view and by intense and jazzy advertisements.Whenever and where ever there is a spotlight event, Pepsi must figure in, like the one day international cricket matches between India and Pakistan many other such occasions. The key word for success in the Marketing World is to remain in the spotlight and that is what Pepsi is doing. SUGGESTIONS The marketing wor ld is full of surprises. Who could imagine that Coca Cola would be overtaken by Pepsi? If Coke could be overrun by Pepsi, it would be no wonder that Pepsi might be overtaken by some other beverage. The need then is to combine quality with ingenuity.Along with that, the reputation of the company has to be kept robust. Today we live in a fast moving world where novelty and newness count a lot. One cannot rest on ones laurels. Fresh efforts, newness of approach must remain the cardinal principles of a well orchestrated marketing strategy and the campaign must be relentless. A continuous bombardment in advertisement would convince the clients that Pepsi is a part of their lives. In order to live with style, Pepsi ought to be an essential ingredient of ones life.The Pepsi is at its maturity stage and the sales of company are not growing very rapidly. Company is doing a lot of promotional activities to let the product remain in the market. It holds a large share of the market and whenever the sales state declining, the company can improve it by different promotional activities. Marketers of Pepsi can try to improve sales by change one or more marketing mix elements. They can cut prices to attract new users and competitors customers. They can also launch a better advertising campaign or use aggressive sales promotion to improve the sales.Thus, Pepsi is at its maturity stage. BIBLIOGRAPHY The following are the reference material where the information is collected. i) Company websitewww. pepsico. com ii) Project Outline REFERENCES The person from whom the information is collected. i) NameTousif-ur-Rahman Khan ii) Designation/PositionBusiness Unit Manager iii) Cell No. 0302-8465226 iv) Email Addresstousif. email&160protected com. pk EVIDENCES see CARDS The visiting cards of the persons relevant to marketing department are attached herewith.

Microeconomics Homework

Patent is defined as the bundle of rights of an investor or his assignee to have exclusive rights granted by the state for a fixed give time in trade for a discovery of an invention (Freeadvice.com 2008 1). Based from this definition of sheer, it is already clear that an idiosyncratic can have the freedom to solely produce a true good given that he/she invented it. This sole occupation of an individual or a firm triggers for the existence of monopoly in the market.Monopoly requires only a single manufacturer and many buyers. Therefore, with the aid of patent, an individual can easily engaged into monopoly since the government would cater that said person legal protection and privilege to be the sole producer of a certain good after a specific finale of time. This legal protection of a certain invention serves as the barrier for other people to reproduce it other than the inventor or his assignee.As for the case, collect to the discovery of sucralose as a substitute for sugar the state awarded Tate & Lyle its property rights over sucralose leaving them the sole producer of the said products. Since the company is the sole producer in the market of sucralose, it turned out that the company already created monopoly in the market. Other market players can only start to produce sucralose only by 2020, which means, no other market entities will be able to supply the market with the said product other than Tate & Lyle for the next 12 years.Using examples from the data, explain why firms take out patents.It was identified and stated on the given case that the production of mawkish sweeteners in the market is very profitable to a point wherein almost 20 percent of the total profit of Tate & Lyle comes from their production of sucralose. Tate & Lyle is already on the process of putting more manufacturing plants to hike up increase their production capacity to supply the high demand of artificial sweeteners in the market which eventually to the acquisition of m ore profit out of their production.This high profitability in the monopoly of Tate & Lyle of sucralose made other firms in the market to eagerly find ways to enable them to also produce artificial sweeteners in the market legally. Even if the patent becomes expired by 2020, the demand of artificial sweeteners will be high profuse to accommodate the entry of other producers of artificial sweeteners in the market. In summation to this, since Tate & Lyle charges high prices on their artificial sweeteners, industries that use artificial sweeteners as one of their inputs wanted to take out the patent rights of Tate & Lyle to lower down the price of artificial sweeteners in the market as competition step into the market.Although artificial sweeteners are already cheaper as compared to conventional sugar in the market, industries would still want to further lower down its prices by infusing market competition through getting rid of Tate & Lyles patent rights over the production of artifi cial sweeteners in the market. hash out whether patents in the artificial sweeteners market lead to market efficiency or market failure.Read alsoHomework Solutions Chapter 3Although not implied directly on the given case, but certainly, the existence of patent rights to Tate & Lyle causes failure in the market. Price of artificial sweeteners would not be that high if there is competition existing in the market. Consumer welfare will surely improved if price level of artificial sweeteners in the market would go down. There will also be enough room for those companies that uses artificial sweeteners to minimize their production costs, thereby leading to cutting of the prices of their products. In this regard, it is clear that it is not only the consumers that will be benefited by the removal of patent rights to Tate & Lyle but also other firms that use artificial sweeteners as a factor of production as substitute to the conventional sugar in the market.Yes, it is true that the disco very of artificial sweeteners provided benefits to the market as a replacement to sugar, but that benefits can still be further improved if its prices will be controlled by market competition and not by simply monopolizing agent whos goal is to on how to increase their profit through utilizing the bundle of rights that was given by the government. But on the other side of the coin, of the government would remove property rights to those who will discover something new in the market, there is a great possibility that they will be de-motivated to have an initiative to conduct researches and make inventions since it will be easily copied by other firms in the market thereby defeating the initial purpose of conducting research provide ways to improved the market position of the company.Well, this scenario is inevitable since the government would still have to protect the interest of the consumers as well as the inventors. As an alternative to solve this problem of improving the qualit y of welfare of both parties, the government could provide patent rights to a certain company but with a condition of setting floor price or price ceiling in order to protect the interest of the consumers as well as the company itself.Works CitedFreeadvice.com (2008). What is Patent online? Available http//law.freeadvice.com/resources/gov_material/patent_trademark_office_patent_defined.htm Accessed 1 March 2008.

Charge Pump

A charge fondness is a kind of DC to DC converter that uptakes capacitors as energy storage elements to create either a high or lower electric potential business leader source. Charge pump circuits are capable of high efficiencies, somemagazines as high as 90-95% patch being electrically simple circuits. Charge pumps use some form of switching device(s) to control the alliance of voltages to the capacitor. For instance, to generate a higher voltage, the first stage involves the capacitor being connected across a voltage and charged up.In the second stage, the capacitor is disconnected from the original charging voltage and reconnected with its negative conclusion to the original positive charging voltage. Because the capacitor retains the voltage across it (ignoring leakage effects) the positive terminal voltage is added to the original, efficaciously doubling the voltage. The pulsing nature of the higher voltage breakput is typically smoothed by the use of an output capac itor. This is the charge pumping action, which typically operates at tens of kilohertz up to several megahertz to minimize the essence of capacitance needed.The capacitor use as the charge pump is typically known as the fugitive capacitor. Another way to explain the operation of a charge pump is to consider it as the combination of a DC to AC converter (the switches) followed by a voltage multiplier. The voltage is load-dependent higher loads result in lower average voltages. Charge pumps can double voltages, triple voltages, halve voltages, invert voltages, fractionally multiply or scale voltages such as x3/2, x4/3, x2/3, etc. and generate arbitrary voltages, depending on the controller and circuit topology.The term charge pump is also used in anatomy-locked loop (PLL) circuits. This is a altogether different application. In a PLL the phase difference between the reference forecast (often from a crystallization oscillator) and the output signal is translated into two signals UP and DN. The two signals control switches to steer current into or out of a capacitor, causing the voltage across the capacitor to increase or decrease. In each cycle, the time during which the switch is turned on is proportional to the phase difference, hence the charge delivered is dependent on the phase difference also.The voltage on the capacitor is used to tune a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), generating the desired output signal frequency. The use of a charge pump naturally adds a pole at the origin in the loop transfer function of the PLL, since the charge-pump current is driven into a capacitor to generate a voltage (V=I/(sC)). The additional pole at the origin is desirable because when considering the closed-loop transfer function of the PLL, this pole at the origin integrates the error signal and causes the arranging to track the input with one more order.The charge pump in a PLL design is constructed in integrated-circuit (IC) technology, consisting of pull-up, pull-down transistors and on-chip capacitors. A resistor is also added to stabilize the closed-loop PLL. An internal power source or a charge pump is essential in every system. An embedded system has to perform tasks continuously from power-up to power-off and may even be kept on continuously. Certain systems do not have a power source of their own they connect to an external power supply or are powered by the use of charge pumps.Network Interface Card (NIC) and Graphic particle accelerator are examples of embedded systems that do not have their own power supply and connect to PC power-supply lines. (2) A charge pump consists of a rectifying tube in the series followed by a charging capacitor. The diode gets forward bias input from an external signal for example, from an RTS signal in the case of the mouse used with a computer. Charge pumps bring the power from a non-supply line.Ninepins COM port has a signal called invite To Send (RTS). It is an active low signal. Most of the t ime it is in inactive render logic 1 (5V). The charge pump inside the mouse uses it to store the charge when the mouse is in an idle state the pump dissipates the power when the mouse is used. A regulator circuit getting input from this capacitor gives the required voltage supply. A charge pump in a contact-less smart card uses the radiations from a boniface machine when inserted into that.

Vacant Chapter 13 Forgive

So far Ive cleaned the bathroom, the oven, the refrigerator and vacuumed twice. Its after nine and Emily still hasnt shown up. Im offset to think that her things are simply a mirage, or maybe she plainly didnt want to carry a lot of junk with her.Maybe shes staying with one of her school friends, and she didnt need her hygiene stuff. Maybe my earlier notion astir(predicate) what she would need to do for money wasnt that far off the mark. Maybe shes out doing something d passionous, or worsened yet, something has already happened to her. Theres no one but me to go shes missing. How retentive do I have to keep back before I turn her in as a missing person? I make do she has to be missing for at least twenty-four hours, but maybe shes already been gone for a couple daylights. Oh, God what if shes hurt and lying somewhere. Maybe she nevertheless has minutes left and I cant fetch to her in timeOw I hit my head on the bottom shelf of the linen closet, alter the dried and cake d shampoo from the floor when the sound of the door closing startles me.Emily? I hope its her. If its not, Im going to phone the cops and lie and tell them shes been missing for days. I hear the slapping of tennis shoes against the linoleum, then a hunker down on the carpet. I turn and look down the hall to see a brown- bulled saucer face down on the floor.Emily? Are you okay? I almost almost laugh when she looks up at me with her hair tangled in her face.Ethan, its you Its unfeignedly you She scrambles the rest of the way to me on her knees, spitting her hair out of her mouth and hugging me tighter than I can ever remember. Her smile is brighter than a sunny day at the equator. We settle on the couch, still holding on to each early(a). I cant seem to allow go. I never want to let go.Where have you been? There doesnt seem to be any anger in her tone. How could she NOT be angry with me?Im ashamed at my answer. I drove. I didnt really go anywhere. I was just running away(p), Emily. I hang my head, embarrassed that I dont even have a good reason for leaving her.I know it wont make any difference now because you be similar hate me, but I love you too, Emily. I have sinceforever, and Im sorry I waited so long to tell you. I should have said it to you a week ago instead of running away like the coward I am. But, I cant hold back any longer without you knowing how I expression near you. Ive never been in love before, but Im more or less accepted this is what it feels like. I cant think close anything else but you how you laugh, the way you comb your hair, the way you smell right after the shower GodSomething moolah my rambling, something soft, warm and moist. Emilys lips are on mine and her arms are wrapped around my neck. Shes kissing me, and I dont ever want her to stop.Her mouth on mine is awesome And I think about other things I want her to do with her mouth.While there are a hundred synonyms for how kissing Emily feels, the only thing in my head the at the moment is woo-hoo. If I really think about what is truly happening, Ill make her stop. This is wrong not the kissing part, but the part where shes willing to forgive all my sins and just take me back without a second thought. Now that Im thinking about itDamn it Now Im mad. I pull away while her lips linger. Emily, I sigh, not really knowing where to start. We have to talk about this, I motion between us. She nods begrudgingly. Its written all over her face she thinks Im going to reject her again.Look, I pull her chin up so her eyes meet mine, nothing will change my feelings for you. They havent changed in the last few years, and they wont change in the next few, either. What I have to know, though, is how you are feeling.She starts shaking her head, apprisal me not to worry, but thats precisely the problem. She should be angry with me.Emily, you should be garbled with me. Yell, scream, hit anything to let me know how you feel Im almost shouting near the end of my d eclaration. I pull back and get myself in check before I completely lose it.Relieved.What? Its a stupid question because I hear perfectly well what she said. Its a stall tactic on my part.Im relieved, Ethan.Why arent you-Do you know how umteen people there have been in my life who I cared about or who cared about me?Im pretty sure I know the answer. Im hoping its two, but know for sure its one her mother but Im ceaselessly careful not to bring up LouAnne. I just squeeze her hand, which Im still holding onto like the piece of wood Leonardo DiCaprio was holding onto after his exit from the Titanic.Two, Ethan. Two.Now Im relieved.And one of them cant ever postdate back, but you did. You came back and I dont care where you went or what you did. You are here now, safe.The tremble in her verbalise as she says, what you did, tells me shes a little scared of what or who I might have done, so I hope Im about to put her fears to rest.I just drove and slept in my car. I ate a few times , but honestly, Emily, the only thing I did was think about you and how much you mean to me. I was an asshole for leaving you. I didnt take your safety or well-being into account and for that, Im sorry. You should be upset with me.I was scared, Ethan. At first, I thought maybe you were just blowing off some steam, off count on out a way to tell me to leave, but when you didnt come home that first night or the next morning, I started to get worried. Then Margie came by and said you hadnt shown up for work.So, this is how Margie knows about Emily.I wasnt really sure how much she knew, but I could tell she was surprised to find me here. She was so nice though. I told her how highly you speak of her and how much we appreciated the deal she and her husband gave on the car. Then I unconnected myself for a little bit and told her about you surprising me and taking me to graduation. Emily pauses and smiles, then looks down as if shes a little embarrassed.It was nice to have a woman to tal k to again. It reminded me a little of my mom.Emily continues to tell me about Margie coming to the house. She said she cried for a little bit because she didnt know what to do, that shed been relying on me for so long. She didnt know what she would do if I didnt come home. She also tells me how Margie asked her about a job and what she liked to do. It seems they went to the public library and Emily use for a position. She can work there part-time and still go to school. Apparently, she works until closing and thats why she came home so late. Margie also got her a bus pass and rode with her the first time to make sure it was safe.There isnt a bouquet of flowers big enough for Margie right now.

Dorian Grey’s Desire for Youth Essay

Throughout The Picture of Dorian Gray, Dorian Gray struggles with the liking to stay forever young. Because of all the hardships he experiences throughout his life in order to achieve this he loses his honor along the way and eventually all of what he has through catches up to him and leads to his suicide. To him, youth is the only thing that has any importance and he does all that he brush off in order to maintain youthful without understand the repercussions of his actions until it is too late.One scene that clearly displays Dorians decision to choose beauty over his innocence is when Dorian brings his friend sweet basil to the get on where he keeps his portrait. He shows Basil the portrait and how hideous it has become despite Dorians unvarying appearance. Basil then realizes that the painting was a work of his own and then he asks how it has become that way. Dorian explains that gave up his soul for eternal beauty. Basil then tries to convince Dorian to pray for forgiveness because he believes that the painting is an awful lesson but Dorian claims it is too late. Once Dorian looks at what has become of him in the portrait, he grabs a knife and stabs his friend to death. The next day he is still bitter virtually how Basil reacted to his portrait the lack of remorse clearly shows that he has no innocence left to him.This shows that Dorian is relentless by trying to stay young forever because it shows that he favors his appearance more than his friends. Basil was the man that gave the painting life, and in the end it brought his own life to an end because Dorian became obsessed with it. His innocence was lost with this act, and he just continues on with his life as if it was slide fastener. He becomes a changed man, and not for the better. opposite scene in which Dorian loses his innocence by choosing beauty is when Dorian goes to see his fianc perform and notices how fearful she is that night. When he confronts her almost it she claims she no longe r can connect to the roles she plays because their feelings of love are nowhere death to those of hers towards Dorian. Once she says that she is quitting acting Dorian is horrified and realizes that he only loved for the beauty she portrayed on stage and not for her herself. He breaks off the relationship with her andtells her he never wants to see her again she ends up killing herself that night before Dorian can apologize the next morning.At the moment of confrontation, Dorian easily chose beauty over the innocence of true love. Again, it is apparent that his of total lack of regard towards the consequences of his actions. Yes, he did realize that what he did was wrong because of the smirk that developed on his portrait, but it was only after it was too late. Lord Henry once said to Dorian that, The only way to get rid of a temptation is to yield to it. Resist it and your soul grows sick with longing for the things it has forbidden to itself, with desire for what its monstrous la ws assimilate made monstrous and unlawful. (Wilde 21). This quote relates back to the main theme of the loss of innocence due to the desire of beauty because what Lord Henry meant by this quote is that he suggests that even Dorians pure, free young life is secretly full of hidden, shameful desires. Basically, he implied that regardless of the innocent face Dorian has, he lost his innocence long ago.The loss of innocence due to the desire of beauty is deep intertwined throughout Dorians endeavors. This is supported by many details and scenes that Oscar Wilde describes. It is agree that this book is about the power of beauty and how innocence is given up when someone favors beauty over it. Some may even argue that Dorian Gray lost his innocence even before the portrait because at the beginning, he was somewhat manipulative and went through life just for the experiences. This point of view is easily agreed up by this simple quote How sad it is I shall grow old, and horrible, and dr eadful. But this picture pass on remain always young. It will never be older than this particular day of June If it were only the other way If it were I who was to be always young, and the picture that was to grow old For that-for that-I would give everything Yes, there is nothing in the whole world I would not give I would give my soul for that (Wilde 29)