What Metrics Do You Watch During Customer Development

What Metrics Do You Watch During Customer Development © Shutterstock.com | AniwhiteIn this article, we explain 1) the difference between vanity and actionable metrics, 2) an introduction to the AARRR metrics framework, and 3) how the AARRR framework can be used during customer development.INTRODUCTIONThere is nothing in business that is not worth measuring, including success. In fact, it is hard to know if you have succeeded if you are not measuring your initiatives, your failures and your successes. All of these measurements will come from different metrics. These metrics are not all the same and not all metrics will apply to you and your business.But measuring customer development metrics is about more than generating numerical figures. You need to be able to distinguish which metrics are most valuable for your business. You also need to know how to use them and what do to do with them when you have them.VANITY METRICS VS ACTIONABLE METRICSIn general, you will find that there are two different kinds of metrics that you will use. Thes e main groups of metrics are known as vanity metrics and actionable metrics. While both can be valuable, there are distinct differences between the two groups.Vanity metrics are metrics that make you feel good about what you have done. These are numbers or statistics that look good in reports. Vanity metrics are fun. They show you how many visitors you get, how many followers you have or how many new subscribers have signed up for more information. These metrics are often easy to track and they can show growth. But the data they produce is relatively meaningless. You cannot do very much with them that is meaningful for growing your business.Maybe your tweet did get thirty favorites and a bunch of retweets. But that only tells you a few things. It tells you that you tweeted at the right time. It may even show that you were relevant or funny once. But it does not correlate to data that you can really use to develop your customers.Vanity metrics are not an accurate gauge of what is hap pening within your business. In fact, if you really want to, you can purchase your vanity metrics for only a small fee. It is not difficult to find someone who can generate hundreds, thousands or even tens of thousands of followers or fake signups for you. The problem is that you then have thousands of people following your business but none of them are customers. Many of them may not even be real people.Because vanity metrics are easy to track and easy to achieve, many people begin to focus on improving them. Unfortunately, this can be a mistake because it means that you begin to spend time focusing on metrics that make you feel good. You should really be focusing on metrics that can help you improve your business.Vanity metrics are data but having huge amounts of data is not always wat you need. This especially true if the data does not provide you with new information to base your decisions on. That is why you need to focus on actionable metrics. Actionable metrics are those stat istics that you can use to measure and assess specific tasks that are directly related to the goals of your business. These are important because they allow you to read data and then make changes to attract more customers. These metrics help you make decisions about your strategy.Actionable metrics are not necessarily compiled into handy graphs with the touch of the button. They often take some work and interpretation. One great kind of actionable metric is a split test or an A/B experiment. These metrics produce some of the most actionable data that you can ever find. This is because they either confirm or deny a hypothesis explicitly. They are also useful because you can use them in many different areas. You can use the A/B test to make changes to your advertising copy or even to make major changes to your product.Keyword metrics are also great metrics to use for your business. These tests are sometimes known as SEM or SEO tests. They are also great for developing your customers b ecause they will demonstrate real insights about your customers.AARRR METRICSThe origins of AARRR do not differ much from the origins of the Customer Development model. AARRR, otherwise known as Startup Metrics for Pirates, was developed by Dave McClure. He is the person who created the term and created a presentation that anyone can now find either on Slideshare or on Dave McClure’s blog, Master of 500 Hats. Dave is an entrepreneur and an active investor. He also cofounded 500Startups.The model was initially created to support Dave’s hypothesis that founders only need to focus on five key actionable metrics in order to make their business model a successful one. AAARR provides a measurable framework for startups to tell whether or not the current business model is worth developing into a fully-fledged company.As indicated by its acronym, AARRR has five key phases. In order, these phases are: acquisition, activation, retention, revenue and referral.AcquisitionAcquisition is the first of the five key phases of the framework. It is also the first point when you will make contact with your customer. You can acquire customers from social networks, SEO, PR, affiliates, business development efforts and direct advertising. Many people confuse acquisition for casual visitors. Acquisition is not the number of views you get per month. You can use this metric in a more meaningful way than this.Instead, you should be measuring where your visitors are coming from. You can then begin to see which of your efforts are working best within your customer market. This information will tell you if your SEO is on track or if your social media efforts are currently worth your while.You will see where the big spikes of customers are coming from. You will also see where a low but steady volume is coming from. But at this point, you should not be disregarding methods that bring in low but steady stream of customers. You need to go through the rest of the process before you begin to make decisions about which streams to keep and which to put lower on the list of priorities.ActivationActivation naturally follows customer acquisition. This is because once you get traffic to your website or your business, you need to create a great user experience. This is the part where you need to use your value propositions to hook your customers.Your landing page is an essential part of customer activation. But not any old landing page is suitable. You should be split or A/B testing here to find the best customer experience. When you have figured out what works best for customers, you will be able to activate more customers.It is not enough to get customers to sign up in your registration form. Customers who give you their information are more likely to buy but they haven’t bought yet. You still need to get them to buy. You might have 5,000 email addresses but if you aren’t taking orders that data is not incredibly useful to you yet. Conversion happens further down the ch ain.RetentionThe AARRR framework does not stop once you have activated your customers. You need to keep them coming back for more once they have arrived. While it is important to focus on acquiring those first customers in the first step of the method, you need to have equal focus on keeping them. Repeat business and loyal customers are far more valuable to you than anyone who buys from you once and never comes back again.How you retain customers will depend on your business. However, you should avoid giving things away for free. Yes, you will have a high retention rate. But you still don’t have paying customers. Since paying customers are usually your initial goal as a startup, giving things away will put adding paying customers further back on your timeline. Also, you will have a much lower conversion rate if you decide to begin charging for your services.Retaining customers is not just about keeping them on your mailing list. You want them to be interacting with you. You want t hem to open the emails you send them. You want them to be clicking around your site rather than visiting your home page.However, do not measure your retention every day. You can retain customers who are not visiting you every day and they will still be valuable to you. In fact, customers who visit regularly are often more valuable than those who are around constantly.  Think of it this way. If you were a retail store and you have customers who came in everyday, they would probably make smaller purchase, if they bought at all. But customers who came in every week to do their shopping? They are probably making bigger, regular purchases that you can count on. These are the customers that you want to please.You can measure your retention rates in whichever way is most appropriate for your business. For some, it might be seeing how many people visit your product monthly. For others, it will be how many people return to the product and how often.ReferralThere is nothing sweeter than a cus tomer referral. Creating an experience where your customer can do half your work for you is your ultimate goal. You want to be able to create an experience that does not just draw in customers. You want an experience that makes those customers want to tell all their friends. However, you should keep this sharing under control under you have a great product. Allowing your customers to refer your product to all of their friends will not serve you if you are not ready for the business yet.You should be qualitatively testing your product until it is ready for a hard launch before you allow your product to go viral.Referrals are powerful and you can use them to your advantage as a way to control both your product and your customers.OnePlus is a Chinese phone manufacturer which creates high end phones that are sold at low prices. Though it has many of the specs of the latest Apple or Samsung products, these phones are often sold at less than half the price of the biggest phones on the mar ket.The way that OnePlus sells its phones is evidence that the referral process can be very valuable for your business. While Apple has stunning, and expensive, advertising, OnePlus operates solely on the invitation system. This means that customers have to visit the landing page and place themselves on a list if they want to buy the newest version of the phone.Because of the nature of the product, OnePlus reaches out to its target market and allows its target market to expand its market for it.This leaves OnePlus in complete control of its market. Current owners can invite friends to sign up for an invitation. The more people that sign up for an invitation the higher up the original invite moves up on the list. Thus, it encourages referrals for real rewards. But the gratification is delayed. OnePlus maintains is exclusivity by forcing customers to wait on a waiting list until an invitation is available. Once the customer gets the invitation, they have 72 hours to activate the invit ation. When the invitation is activated, they have 24 hours to purchase.OnePlus has a genius system. However, it only works because the company offers a genius product with a real value proposition. You can’t make customers wait three months for a new phone and then randomly demand $400 from them in a matter of days if you do not have a gripping value proposition.RevenueYour revenue is the least vain out of all your metrics. Measuring revenue is a perfect place to really determine the success of your business model. If you are bringing in real revenue, you are on to something. It is then okay to begin to scale up your model into a real company.However, it is important that you go through the previous four steps before measuring your revenue. Without doing this, you will not be getting all of the other valuable data that you need. Knowing how much you’re bringing in is great but it is only useful in the context of other metrics such as where your money is coming from.USING AARRR IN THE CUSTOMER DEVELOPMENT MODELThe AARRR method is perfectly designed to use alongside the Customer Development model. You can use this framework throughout the model but it is most useful in the last two stages: customer creation and company building. Successfully moving through the AARRR framework will help you determine whether your business model is ready to be scaled up into a fully-fledged company.The acquisition and activation stages are best used during the customer validation phase of Customer Development. These stages are great for the measurement that you should be doing when you validate your customers. You can use the acquisition phase to measure where your customers are coming from. You can also use the activation stage and its metrics to measure your customer engagement. This will help you validate your customers.The activation stage of AARRR is also essential for the customer creation stage of Customer Development. In the activation stage, you are measuring the mar keting activities that you need to help your customers not only learn more about your product but actually want to buy it. These methods can be used together to create a successful strategy for not just gaining customers but keeping them. The reason that these fit together so well is because they are not about creating marketing but about creating a positive experience for the customers.The retention, referral and revenue phases can all be used to measure whether or not your business model qualifies as a something that should be scaled up in the company building phase of Customer Development. Measuring your customer retention is important because the customers that you retain will be your most valuable customers. You want to create a business that does not just draw customers in for single purchases but creates valuable buyers.You also want your business to be so engaging that these customers want to share it with their friends. There is no point in building a business that your cus tomers would not tell anyone about. Finally, measuring your revenue streams is important because it is the proof you need that people are will to spend money on your business. If all three of these things point to success, you can officially move into the company building phase of the Customer Development model.CONCLUSIONLearning the difference between vanity metrics and meaningful measurements is essential if you want to incorporate measurements into the Customer Development model. Since the Customer Development model is all about learning and validating your data, it makes sense that you would want to use your metrics to make actionable decisions about what you know.Using the AARRR framework alongside the Customer Development model is a great way to measure your success. When you successfully apply AARRR to the relevant stages of Customer Development, you will find that you will be able to come to a clear decision about whether or not you should transform your business model into a fully-fledged company.

Jane Austens Emma - Character Analysis of Protagonist

Emma Woodhouse: Awake or Dreaming? A dream. A world where ideas run wild and imagination is the primary mode of thought. Reality is a faraway distance. Eventually, the dream comes to an end as reality creeps into sleep and the fantasy finishes. The story of Jane Austen’s Emma is one of a similar account. Emma Woodhouse, the main character, has an active imagination that causes her to loose sight of reality like getting lost in dreaming. Her imagination and â€Å"disposition to think a little too well of herself† causes Emma to be emotionally arrogant and skews her perception of other characters (Austen, 1). Throughout the novel, Emma struggles to develop emotionally because her dream-derived visions of those around her and her obsession with†¦show more content†¦She even goes so far as keeping Harriet from marrying Mr. Martin, who both truly loves her and is closer to her in social status. While it is ultimately Harriet’s choice to decline Mr. Martin, Emma uses her popularity to influence the decision. â€Å"[T]hough Emma continued to protest against any assistance being wanted [from Harriet], it was in fact given in the formation of every sentence† (34). Caught up in her self-appointed role as cupid, Emma ignores the possibility that Harriet and Mr. Martin could ever live happily together. Upon hearing of Harriet’s rejection to Mr. Martin, Knightley suspects Emma’s attempt to produce a match between Harriet and Mr. Elton. He warns Emma about the unlikelihood of Mr. Elton reducing himself to Harriet’s inferior position through marriage. While his warning causes Emma to momentarily doubt herself, she quickly erases these thoughts with â€Å"a satisfaction which settled her with her own mind, and convinced her†¦ she had done nothing which woman’s friendship and woman’s feelings would not justify† (43). 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Personal Narrative Children And Electronics - 948 Words

Narcisa Morelos Professor Melissa Tran English 061 26774 10 November 2016 Children and Electronics The children of this generation will never get to feel the troubles that came way before the electronics of this era. The new technology keeps getting too new for the old and the old technology is too complex for the new generation. Children and adults are both learning how to interact with each other through technology because it is actually beneficial to the children. An example of this is google classroom because they are able to communicate with the class and receive teacher s notes/lectures. The importance of technology is great when it is an influence for someone s creation or invention. For example, the electronics used for science fair project could be the next discovery of something amazing. The next level of responsibility for electronics and technology is left to children and the young adults. 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Most Memorable Day of My Life Free Essays

string(89) " of virtual communication that we are lacking a physical contact with our acquaintances\." Ten years ago, the Internet was practically unheard of by most people. Today, the Internet is one of the most powerful tools throughout the world. The Internet is a collection of various services and resources. We will write a custom essay sample on Most Memorable Day of My Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Internet’s main components are E-mail and the World Wide Web. Actually, there’s a lot more to the Internet than E-mail, search engines, celebrity web sites, up-to-the-second sports scores, and chat rooms full of discussions. The Net also ranks as one of today’s best business tools. Almost all households contain the Internet; however, before people connect to the Internet, they need to be aware of its disadvantages and advantages. Many people fear the Internet because of its disadvantages. They claim to not use the Internet because they are afraid of the possible consequences or are simply not interested. People who have yet connected to the Internet claim they are not missing anything. Today’s technological society must realize that it is up to them to protect themselves on the Internet. There is no doubt that the Internet is one of the greatest humankind’s inventions of the last century. It is fast and easy way to get a lot of valuable information. However, some people believe that the Internet creates many problems. From my point of view I think that the Internet brings us advantages as well as disadvantages. First of all, I think that the Internet brings us many benefits. People can have access to the latest news, weather, traffic, bid-and-asked quotations, etc. Another important benefit is that the Internet is a great means of communication. A few years ago it was rather difficult to imagine that it would be possible to communicate with people from all around the world. Students have the opportunity to speak to the professors from prestigious universities, ask their opinions and extend their range of interests. People have the opportunity to communicate with the people from other countries, find out their customs, traditions and even visit each other. I think that the Internet makes our world smaller and friendlier. We’ ve got the chance to learn more about the world’s history, our forefathers and gain more knowledge. From the other hand, many questions and difficulties arose with the appearance of the Internet. For example, children got the easy access to the information they are not supposed to read. Also, people’s security and rivacy are often violated through steeling and gathering information about people and then selling it. Many banks had to increase their Internet security because of hacking. However, I believe that Internet gave us more advantages and opportunities than disadvantages and problems. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF USING INTERNET In the history of mankind, the Internet is the greatest development in the domain of communication industry. Internet h as tremendous potential and a lot to offer in terms of services. We can notice advantages and disadvantages of using Internet. In the beginning we can indicate some advantages. At first, Internet is a source of information. There is a huge amount of information available on the Internet for just about every subject known to man, for example from government law and services, market information, new ideas and technical support. Students use Internet to doing their homeworks. Even teachers have started giving assignments that require extensive research on the Internet. Intenet can be also a tool to comunication. We can send email or use chat rooms to contact with person who physically is a thousand kilometres away. We can talk to our friends or strange people, who looking for new friends. But to majority of users, Internet is source of only entertaiment. Downloading games, movies, music or just surfing the celebrity websites are some of the uses people have discovered. We can also notice some disadvantages of using Internet. First disadvantage is theft of personal details. If we use the Internet, our personal information such as your name, address, credit card, bank details and other information can be accessed by culprits. Also It is possible for Internet users to become habitually addicted. People suffering from Internet addiction use the virtual world to as a substitution for real-life human connection. At last, computers are getting viruses from the Internet. Virus is is a program which disrupts the normal functioning of your computer systems. Computers attached to internet are more prone to virus attacks and they can end up into crashing our hard disk. Similar to each and every invention, the Internet has a both of advantages and disadvantages. It depends on us, what we choose. Some advantages and disadvantages of internet Availability of Knowledge Advantages The internet which was once just a little puddle, now, have become an ocean; an ocean of knowledge. It is like a magical crystal ball which has an answer for every question of yours and the best thing about it is; it is completely free. I know how much I have learnt from the internet. How internet is better than books when it comes to knowledge? The answer to this would be the infinity of the internet. Plus, apart from this, learning from internet is much more fun. You have all kinds of videos about basically every topic that you can imagine of. Disadvantages If availability of knowledge helps people to do good things, it is also, a help for evil. There are thousands of websites which tells you ways to make a bomb or how to commit suicide. People even learn how to hack websites from the internet. Communication Advantages Another amazing thing about the internet is the communication that it makes possible. Most of the business firms communicate with each other with the help of e-mails. It is not only a faster way but also the safer way too. With internet you can video chat with a person who might be in some other continent as of yours. Disadvantages We are getting so use to of virtual communication that we are lacking a physical contact with our acquaintances. You read "Most Memorable Day of My Life" in category "Papers" It is separating us from the real world around us, which I think smothers the development of personality of an individual. Smaller World Advantage Due to internet our world is becoming smaller and smaller. Computers which are connected to internet are connected to each other. This facilitates the transfer of a file or even a folder from one computer to another. Disadvantage Due to this connection your personal data canbestolen from your computer. Various kinds of virus, malware, and spyware enter your computer via internet. Convenience Advantages With the help of the internet we can do almost everything at home. We can do everything from paying bills to buying airline tickets, from finding jobs to ordering stuff. It sure saves us lots of time in this busy and competitive world. Apart from this, it also saves us energy so that you can put that energy to more productive things. Disadvantages Like every technology, internet too reduces your effort but in return it takes a toll on your health. As you can get practically everything sitting at your home you don’t go around physically. So, your physical activity goes to nil. I believe any type of transaction that you do on internet is unsafe. Hackers can suck all of your life’s savings if you use internet banking services. Social Network Advantages Social networks have changed our lives. It is like a virtual world. I personally think if you have an account in a social networking website then you are never alone. There is always something happening. I think the best part of social networking websites is, they can sometimes work like a support group because I feel someone can tell what they feel and people listen to it. It is like an outlet for your emotions, which, if kept inside screws an individual mind. Disadvantages As everything else this also have negative effects. According to me, the wastage of time is the biggest damage that social networking websites cause. Porn Advantage It is believed that people who are not sexually satisfied cannot work at their best. As everyone doesn’t have a partner, so, I think porn can help in releasing that sexual tension. And with the help of internet these porn/videos are easily available and for free. Disadvantage I’ll list some of the many disadvantages that it has. First of all, the children are getting more involved in porn, due to this; they are losing their innocence at a very little age. The violence that is shown in the video that are available in the internet is quite disturbing. I read about a serial killer named called, Ted Bundy. He gave an interesting theory about serial killers. He said people with these kinds of tendencies have some background with such type of cruel and violent porn. Virtual Information Advantage With more people relying on internet for getting information the usage of books will also reduce. This will decrease deforestation and will prove eco-friendly. Disadvantage If people will choose internet over books this will increase the energy consumption. Jobs Business Advantage Thousands of people are using internet to get their bread and butter. There are all types of jobs available on the internet from data entering to translation. Websites and blogs are solely internet based businesses and rom what I know people are earning quite a healthy amount of money from it. You just need an idea and great determination to pull it off. Disadvantage To tell you the truth I don’t think there is a valid disadvantage to this but if I be a little strict a low wage might be one. I some cases, it depends upon the country in which you reside American and Europeans are paid highest. Entertainment Advantage I think more than anything mentioned above entertainme nt is the thing for which the internet is used. You can find almost every song made anywhere in the world on the internet and same is for movies. All sorts of multiplayer games can be played with an opponent who might be on the other side of the world; thanks to internet. Disadvantage Internet has encouraged the concept of piracy. Due to this, the individual or the production house or the music label that produces a particular piece of music/movie/video game ends up with a hole in their profits. Asking a question Advantage If there is a question in your mind of which no answer can be found neither in the books nor on the internet itself then, there are lots of sites available in which you can put a question and there will be millions of people answering it. As you don’t need to reveal any identity to do so; you can ask the most embarrassing questions. Disadvantage Most of the people answering these questions are not qualified professionals. This leads to lot of myths spreading around. Data Storage Advantage There are lots of sites on which you can store your vital data by paying a small rent of the hard disk that it takes. For very important things like wedding video or pictures which you don’t want to lose can be stored there because crashing of the hard drive is not a very rare sight now a days. Disadvantage We have seen endless number of times in history that these kinds of sites have been compromised by hackers. This creates a fear in the mind of users about the secrecy of their content. Your Opinion – Advantages and disadvantages of internet So, here we are at the end of the article. I have tried to put some advantages and disadvantages of internet in a non-conventional kind of way from what you’ll normally see. In case there is something that went past then you can share it with rest of us. Thank you. How to cite Most Memorable Day of My Life, Papers

Fashion Industry and Anorexia ... free essay sample

Fashion Industry and Anorexia Michael BrooksDTCCJuly 15, 2018 Abstract Many people falsely believe that anorexia arises by choice. However, recent studies suggest otherwise, and the reason may not be what you think. New research may provide sound evidence that the fashion industry and various media sources play a major role. How authentic are these studies? What are the reasons behind these ideas? This essay will answer these questions, dive into the validity of such claims, and will leave you wondering if this dark secret is truly accurate. Fashion Industry and Anorexia It is obvious that the media is everywhere. Media ranges from television, the internet, and magazines. It provides such a huge part of our lives, not including the standard in society. In fact, studies show that over eighty percent of people watch television each day, being an average of three hours (Lyons, 2017, para 16). Many shows and commercials feature women that are very thin and like sex objects with unrealistic body types (Lyons, 2017, para 16). In fact, models in magazines and beauty advertisements are littered with so much photoshop they dont realize it is so unrealistic. The National Eating Disorders Association, has revealed that twenty percent of advertisements that are featured on television have a meaning behind them showing that being gaunt is more attractive than a regular weight. The average teenage in the United States has seen at least five thousand of these commercials every year (Lyons, 2017, para 16). It should come as no surprise that correlation exists between destructive eating behaviors and negative self-esteem. This new generation is being sucked into a fake reality which often leads to an assumption that young girls need to become excessively skinny to be attractive. Anorexia Among Celebrities What might the reason be behind models and actresses being so thin?Well, it is shocking that the limit for becoming one is having a BMI of 16 which is considered dangerous by doctors and even leads to health problems and vitamin deficiencies (Gayle, 2017, para 4). In fact, Damien Gayle quotes that according to the World Health Organization, there are guidelines that someone with a BMI of 18.5 or under is considered underweight, 18 is malnourished, and 17 is severely malnourished (Gayle, 2017, para 4). Why is Hollywood and pop culture so obsessed with the idea of a perfect body and look? For many who want to have a career in these industries, eating disorders and starvation may be the only way to land a successful career (Lyons, 2017, para 10). In fact, research has shown that roughly sixty percent of models needed to become thinner and fifty percent were threatened to shred pounds or they would be terminated (Lyons, 2017, para 16). Anorexia and Bulimia in models are so abundant that a lot of celebrities are spreading awareness and publicly sharing their ideas (Lyons, 2017, para 10).Magazines and Advertisements It should be very obvious and noticeable that models and movie characters are becoming slenderer, while such a massive number of A merican females have become considerably heavier. Television is not the only way to be exposed to this material. Alarmingly, studies propose that eighty-three percent of young ladies read fashion magazines for roughly four hours each week (Spettigue. as cited in Levine and Smolak, 1996, para 6). What is more surprising is the number of weight loss ads that are more prevalent in womens magazines. In fact, Spettigue mentions that ladys magazines contained ten times the number of diet products than mens magazines (Spettigue, as cited in Anderson and Defomencio, 2004, para 3). Another shocking study that Spettigue mentioned was one that was published by Kilbourne in 1994. This study revealed that the main wish of young women aged eleven to seventeen was to get thinner and keep it off (Kilbourne, 1994, para 6). In addition, Kilbourne did another study proving the significant impact on the importance of weight loss in young women. Unfortunately, the study showed that young aged ladies who were asked what they might most want to change about their lives, and a great part of them said their weight (Kilbourne, 1994 para 6). Expert Input Without a doubt, the new body size standard is dwindling. On the contrary, many American women are getting larger. The media may deny claims about supporting anorexia. However, experts on eating disorders such as Kelly Brownell firmly disagree (Jade, 2012, para 9). Kelly Brownell is also a doctor and she provides impressive input showing irony surrounding celebrities. Kelly Brownell argues that eating disorder such as Anorexia and Bulimia have more a higher chance of occurring due to the medias bad examples (Jade, 2012, para 9). A really fascinating fact she mentions is a phenomenon surrounding celebrities lately. Brownell argues that this phenomenon is what is commonly known as the Damaging Paradox (Jade, 2012, para 9). The Damaging Paradox is when media in current society promotes a low weight and perfect body. In an interesting way, they then advertise on their commercials nourishments high in fat and calories, while convincing consumers to buy these items (Jade, 2012, para 9). It should come as no surprise that actresses do not really eat these foods. In fact, consuming such calorie loaded foods would very unlikely in the corrupt world of Hollywood.Thinspiration Cites and Orthorexia In addition to Anorexia, another eating disorder is becoming extremely common which is also being fueled by the media. Orthorexia, a form of eating disorder, is becoming more widespread in the media and is caused by a conscious desire for obsessive healthy eating and a fear of becoming obese (Woolf, 2015, para 15). Orthorexia can lead to behaviors in individuals such as hating themselves, confidence issues, malnourishment, and loneliness (Woolf, 2015, para 13). Orthorexia is also becoming increasing abundant in websites known as thinspiration sites which encourage eating disorders and go to extreme measures (Woolf, 2015, para 2). These new websites that do not gain any profit or satisfaction. Thinspiration sites literally encourage people to starve themselves by teaching them to suppress their appetite, chew on ice, and brush their teeth often to lose flavor of foods (Woolf, 2015, para 2) . In addition, they even suggest posting photos online of your thin body parts, and even try to give people tips on hiding these behaviors from your parents. It is depressing that these websites want you to purge a nd binge in private, which is when someone eats large amounts as once and then vomits everything back up (Woolf, 2015, para 2) . In as little as a couple years, hospitalizations from Anorexia and Orthorexia have skyrocketed. According to the NHS, The number of teenagers being admitted to hospital with eating disorders has nearly doubled in just three years, and there is no doubt that social media is to blame (Woolf, 2015, para 3). Possible Limitations and Treatments Although there are attempts to set limits, the outcomes are usually unsuccessful. One idea setting a minimum BMI threshold for professional models (Rodgers, as cited in Record ; Austin, 2015, p.1). Also, another possible method for allowing models to become curvier is by providing them meals and healthier working conditions. (Rodgers, 2017, para 33). However, this is easier said than done. In the United States, fashion models are generally considered to be independent contractors, not employees, which contributes to poor health and safety protections (Rodgers, 2017, para 33). There are ways, however, to cope independently. Doctors and researchers give advice on how to combat Anorexia at home. Although many people with Anorexia fail, they should never give up hope at least attempt some of these strategies. According to The Student Nutrition Action Committee at UCLA, they suggest the following as ways to counteract the negative media influence on body image listed below: Spending money on products that improve your confidence and self-esteem. For example, things that are productive for you and that make you feel good such as weights, beautiful clothing, and nice haircuts that make you feel good. Doing this instead of spending money on fad diet products such as pills and shake increases your confidence and boosts mood. Stay off the scale and enjoy your weight, instead of worrying about a perfect body. Move your body by engaging in physical activity, without the goal of losing weight, but in a way that allows you to be in control of your body. Do activities that bring feelings of joy and relaxation by meditation or listening to peaceful music (The Student Nutrition Action Committee at UCLA, as sited in Media Influence on Body Image, 2018, para 4).Startling Statistics A surprising number of people are Anorexic. A common misconception about Anorexia is that it only affects adolescent women. Although this may be true to some extent, it has become increasingly common among older age women and young males. To give you an idea, the number globally is in the millions. Surprisingly, approximately thirty million Americans and eighty million people globally are diagnosed with anorexia alone (Eating Disorder Statistics, 2018, p.1). However, the mortality rate seems more horrifying. Unfortunately, twenty percent of people with anorexia will not survive, and one person will die each hour (Eating Disorder Statistics, 2018, p.1). To make matters worse, suicide may be the most common cause of death in Anorexia. Studies have proven that one in every ten people with Anorexia will die by taking their lives (Eating Disorder Statistics, 2018, p.1). Something obviously needs to be done. People must come to their senses that the media is brainwashing our youth. The people suffering from this disease need to fight back. We must realize that if television shows, websites and magazines do not change their ways, we need to. Conclusion Anorexia is a horrible disease and sufferers are growing up in a cruel and very judgmental world. Many people lack the proper guidance which results in Osteoporosis, malnourishment and weakness just because they believe it is the only way to please someone and feel comfortable. Although there may be methods to treat it, many people do not fully recover. I think that looking out for early warning signs and eliminating excessive exposure to television, Instagram and the internet may hopefully reduce the number of cases. Even though biological factor may play a role, it is obvious that there is significant correlation between fashion and the number of cases. Anorexia has become so abundant and more severe in the recent years that there is something else besides hereditary to blame for the soaring number of cases.

Definition and Discussion of General American English

Definition and Discussion of General American English General American English is a somewhat vague and outdated term for a  variety of spoken American English that seems to lack the distinctive characteristics of any particular region or ethnic group. Also called network English or newscaster accent. The term General American (GA, GAE, or GenAm) was coined by English professor George Philip Krapp in his book The English Language in America (1925). In the first edition of History of the English Language (1935), Albert C. Baugh adopted the term General American, calling it the dialect of the Middle States and the West. General American   is sometimes broadly characterized as speaking with a midwestern accent, but as William Kretzschmar observes (below), there has never been any single best or default form of American English that might form the basis for General American (A Handbook of Varieties of English, 2004). Examples and Observations The fact that I conjugate my verbs and speak in a typical Midwestern newscaster voicetheres no doubt that this helps ease communication between myself and white audiences. And theres no doubt that when Im with a black audience, I slip into a slightly different dialect.(U.S. President Barack Obama, quoted by Dinesh DSouza in Obamas America: Unmaking the American Dream. Simon Schuster, 2012)The term General American is sometimes used by those who expect for there to be a perfect and exemplary state of American English . . .. However, in this essay the term Standard American English (StAmE) is preferred; it designates the level of quality (here of pronunciation) that is employed by educated speakers in formal settings. StAmE pronunciation differs from region to region, even from person to person, because speakers from different circumstances in and different parts of the United States commonly employ regional and social features to some extent even in formal situations.(William A. Kret zschmar, Jr., Standard American English Pronunciation. A Handbook of Varieties of English, ed. by Bernd Kortmann and Edgar W. Schneider. Mouton de Gruyter, 2004) [T]he standard assumption for American English is that even educated speakers, from certain regions at least (most notably New England and the South), at times use regional pronunciation characteristics and thus speak with an accent; hence, despite the persistent belief in a homogenous General American accent or notions like network English there is in fact no single norm of pronunciation that corresponds to RP [received pronunciation] in England, being a non-regional class dialect.(Edgar W. Schneider, Introduction: Varieties of English in the Americas and the Caribbean. A Handbook of Varieties of English, ed. by Bernd Kortmann and Edgar W. Schneider. Mouton de Gruyter, 2004) Variants in Network English It is important to note that no single dialectregional or socialhas been singled out as an American standard. Even national media (radio, television, movies, CD-ROM, etc.), with professionally trained voices have speakers with regionally mixed features. However, Network English, in its most colourless form, can be described as a relatively homogenous dialect that reflects the ongoing development of progressive American dialects (Canadian English has several notable differences). This dialect itself contains some variant forms. The variants included within this targeted accent involve vowels before /r/, possible differences in words like cot and caught and some vowels before /l/. It is fully rhotic. These differences largely pass unnoticed by the audiences for Network English, and are also reflective of age differences.(Daniel Jones, English Pronouncing Dictionary, 17th ed. Cambridge University Press, 2006) ​​General American vs. the Eastern New England Accent A few examples of differences between some regional dialects and General American or Network English are in order here, though these are necessarily selective. In the characteristic speech of Eastern New England, for instance, rhotic /r/ is lost after vowels, as in far or hard, while it is retained in all positions in General American. A rounded vowel has been retained in Eastern New England in words like top and dot, whereas General American uses an unrounded vowel. Another Eastern New England characteristic is the use of /É‘/ in words like bath, grass, last, etc., where General American uses /a/. In these respects the New England accent shows some similarities with British RP.(Diane Davies, Varieties of Modern English: An Introduction. Routledge, 2013) Challenges to the Concept of General American The belief that American English consists of General American and the Eastern (Northern) and Southern dialect varieties was called into question by a group of American scholars in the 1930s. . . . In 1930 [Hans] Kurath was named the director of an ambitious project called The Linguistic Atlas of the United States and Canada. He patterned the project on a similar European undertaking that had been completed some years before the American project started: Atlas linguistique de la France, which ran between 1902 and 1910. Given the results of their work, Kurath and his co-workers challenged the belief that American English had the varieties Eastern, Southern, and General American. Instead, they suggested that American English is best viewed as having the following major dialect areas: Northern, Midland, and Southern. That is, they did away with the elusive notion of General American and replaced it with the dialect area that they called Midland.(Zoltn Kà ¶vecses, American English: An In troduction. Broadview, 2000) Many Midwesterners are under the illusion that they speak without an accent. They may even believe that they speak Standard American English. But most linguists understand that there is not a single, correct way to speak English. So, yes, even Midwesterners speak with an accent.(James W. Neuliep,  Intercultural Communication: A Contextual Approach, 6th ed. SAGE, 2015)It should be emphasized that everyone speaks with an accent; it is as impossible to speak without an accent as to speak without making sounds. When people deny they have an accent, this is a statement of social prejudice and not linguistics.(Howard Jackson and Peter Stockwell, An Introduction to the Nature and Functions of Language, 2nd ed. Bloomsbury Academic, 2011) Also see: Standard American EnglishAccent PrejudiceEthnic Dialect,  Idiolect,  Regional Dialect, and  Social DialectMarkednessPrestigePronunciationStandard English

The Definition of Form in Art

The Definition of Form in Art The term form can mean several different things in art. Form is one of the seven elements of art and connotes a three-dimensional object in space. A  formal analysis of a work of art describes how the elements and principles of artwork together independent of their meaning and the feelings or thoughts they may evoke in the viewer. Finally,  form is also used to describe the physical nature of the artwork, as in metal sculpture, an oil painting, etc.​ When used in tandem with the word art as in art form, it can also mean a medium of artistic expression recognized as fine art or an unconventional medium done so well, adroitly, or creatively as to elevate it to the level of fine art. An Element of Art Form is one of the seven elements of art  which are the visual tools that an artist uses to compose a work of art. In addition, to form, they include line, shape, value, color, texture, and space.  As an Element of Art, form connotes something that is three-dimensional and encloses volume, having length, width, and height, versus shape, which is two-dimensional, or flat. A form is a shape in three dimensions, and, like shapes, can be geometric or organic. Geometric forms are forms that are mathematical, precise, and can be named, as in the basic geometric forms: sphere, cube, pyramid, cone, and cylinder.  A circle becomes a sphere in three dimensions, a square becomes a cube, a triangle becomes a pyramid or cone. Geometric forms are most often found in architecture and the built environment, although you can also find them in the spheres of planets and bubbles, and in the crystalline pattern of snowflakes, for example. Organic forms are those that are free-flowing, curvy, sinewy, and are not symmetrical or easily measurable or named. They most often occur in nature, as in the shapes of flowers, branches, leaves, puddles, clouds, animals, the human figure, etc., but can also be found in the bold and fanciful buildings of the Spanish architect Antoni Gaudi (1852 to 1926) as well as in many sculptures. Form in Sculpture Form is most closely tied to sculpture, since it is a three-dimensional art and has traditionally consisted almost primarily of form, with color and texture being subordinate. Three-dimensional forms can be seen from more than one side. Traditionally forms could be viewed from all sides, called sculpture in-the-round, or in relief, those in which the sculpted elements remain attached to a solid background, including bas-relief, haut-relief, and sunken-relief. Historically sculptures were made in the likeness of someone, to honor a hero or god. The twentieth century broadened the meaning of sculpture, though, heralding the concept of open and closed forms, and the meaning continues to expand today. Sculptures are no longer only representational, static, stationery, forms with a solid opaque mass that has been carved out of stone or modeled out of bronze. Sculpture today may be abstract, assembled from different objects, kinetic, change with time, or made out of unconventional materials like light or holograms, as in the work of renowned artist James Turrell. Sculptures may be characterized in relative terms as closed or open forms. A closed-form has a similar feeling to the traditional form of a solid opaque mass. Even if spaces exist within the form, they are contained and confined. A closed-form has an inward-directed focus on the form, itself, isolated from ambient space. An open form is transparent, revealing its structure, and therefore has a more fluid and dynamic relationship with the ambient space.  Negative space is a major component and activating force of an open form sculpture. Pablo Picasso (1881 to 1973), Alexander Calder (1898 to 1976), and Julio Gonzalez (1876 to 1942) are some artists who created open form sculptures, made from wire and other materials. Henry Moore (1898 to 1986), the great English artist who, along with his contemporary, Barbara Hepworth (1903 to 1975), were the two most important British sculptors in modern art, both revolutionized sculpture by being the first to pierce the form of their biomorphic (biolife, morphicform) sculptures. She did so in 1931, and he did in 1932, noting that â€Å"even space can have form† and that â€Å"a hole can have as much shape meaning as a solid mass.†Ã‚   Form in Drawing and Painting In drawing and painting, the illusion of three-dimensional form is conveyed through the use of lighting and shadows, and the rendering of value and tone. Shape is defined by the outer contour of an object, which is how we first perceive it and begin to make sense of it, but light, value, and shadow help to give an object form and context in space so that we can fully identify it. For example, assuming a single light source on a sphere, the highlight is where the light source hits directly; the mid-tone is the middle value on the sphere where the light does not hit directly; the core shadow is the area on the sphere that the light does not hit at all and is the darkest part of the sphere; the cast shadow is the area on surrounding surfaces that is blocked from the light by the object; reflected highlight is light that is reflected back up onto the object from the surrounding objects and surfaces. With these guidelines as to light and shading in mind, any simple shape can be drawn or painted to create the illusion of a three-dimensional form. The greater the contrast in value, the more pronounced the three-dimensional form becomes. Forms that are rendered with little variation in value appear flatter than those that are rendered with greater variation and contrast. Historically, painting has progressed from a flat representation of form and space to a three-dimensional representation of form and space, to abstraction. Egyptian painting was flat, with the human form presented frontally but with the head and feet in profile. The realistic illusion of form did not occur until the Renaissance along with the discovery of perspective. Baroque artists such as Caravaggio (1571 to 1610), explored the nature of space, light, and the three-dimensional experience of space further through the use of chiaroscuro, the strong contrast between light and dark. The portrayal of the human form became much more dynamic, with chiaroscuro and foreshortening giving the forms a sense of solidity and weight and creating a powerful sense of drama. Modernism freed artists to play with the form more abstractly. Artists such as Picasso, with the invention of Cubism, broke up the form to imply movement through space and time. Analyzing an Artwork When analyzing a work of art, a formal analysis is separate from that of its content or context. A formal analysis means applying the elements and principles of art to analyze the work visually. The formal analysis can reveal compositional decisions that help to reinforce content, the work’s essence, meaning, and the artist’s intent, as well as give clues as to historical context. For example, the feelings of mystery, awe, and transcendence that are evoked from some of the most enduring Renaissance masterpieces, such as the Mona Lisa (Leonardo da Vinci, 1517), The Creation of Adam (Michelangelo, 1512),  the Last Supper (Leonardo da Vinci, 1498) are distinct from the formal compositional elements and principles such as line, color, space, shape, contrast, emphasis, etc., the artist used to create the painting and that contribute to its meaning, effect, and timeless quality. Resources and Further Reading Form, Tate Museum, tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/f/formThe Art of Sculpture, Encyclopedia of Art, visual-arts-cork.com/sculpture.htmThe hole of life, Tate Museum, tate.org.uk/context-comment/articles/hole-of-lifeBarbara Hepworth vs Henry Moore, CultureWhisper, https://www.culturewhisper.com/r/article/preview/3670Works of Antoni Gaudi, http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/320Henry Moore Foundation, https://www.henry-moore.orgBarbara Hepworth, https://barbarahepworth.org.ukJames Turrell, http://jamesturrell.com Resources for Teachers The Elements of Art: Form, Grade Level: 3-4, National Gallery of Art, https://www.nga.gov/content/ngaweb/education/teachers/lessons-activities/elements-of-art/form.htmlShape and Form in Art: Instructional Program for Grades K-4, Teacher’s Guide, http://gettingtoknow.com/wp-content/uploads/shapeinartTG.pdf